From 48bbcaed1ec4ea9276163713f47298cfa0904dc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Karim <karim@gabrielevarano.ch>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 00:29:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Nativer 3D-wgpu-Renderer (render3d, M0+M1): Wand-Extrusion,
 Kamera, Licht

Eigenstaendige Crate wie render2d (render/window-Stufung, serde-only Mesh-
schicht headless testbar). Wand-Extrusion (Band via Links-Normale, Quader mit
nach aussen zeigenden Normalen), handgerechnete Mat4 (perspektiv+ortho, wgpu-
Clip-Z [0,1], 5 Kamera-Presets), Directional-Light + Tiefenpuffer + Backface-
Culling. Orbit-Spike (cargo run --features window --bin spike3d). Plus Port-
Briefing mit M2..M9-Milestones (three.js-Viewport-Bestandsaufnahme).
---
 docs/design/wgpu-3d-renderer-briefing.md |  265 +++
 src-tauri/render3d/.gitignore            |    1 +
 src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.lock            | 2605 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.toml            |   54 +
 src-tauri/render3d/src/bin/spike3d.rs    |  264 +++
 src-tauri/render3d/src/gpu.rs            |  301 +++
 src-tauri/render3d/src/lib.rs            |  275 +++
 src-tauri/render3d/src/math.rs           |  239 ++
 src-tauri/render3d/src/mesh.rs           |  136 ++
 src-tauri/render3d/src/shaders.rs        |   57 +
 src-tauri/render3d/src/types.rs          |  182 ++
 11 files changed, 4379 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 docs/design/wgpu-3d-renderer-briefing.md
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/bin/spike3d.rs
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/gpu.rs
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/math.rs
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/mesh.rs
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/shaders.rs
 create mode 100644 src-tauri/render3d/src/types.rs

diff --git a/docs/design/wgpu-3d-renderer-briefing.md b/docs/design/wgpu-3d-renderer-briefing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8f5e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/design/wgpu-3d-renderer-briefing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+# Briefing — Nativer wgpu-3D-Renderer (M0 Design + M1 Spike)
+
+> Schwester-Dokument zu `wgpu-2d-renderer-briefing.md`. Beschreibt den Weg vom
+> jetzigen three.js-3D-View (WebGL im WebKitGTK-Webview) zu einer nativen
+> wgpu-Engine (Rust). Dieses Dokument ist der ANFANG: M0 (Bestandsaufnahme +
+> Port-Plan) und M1 (entkoppelter Standalone-Spike). Noch NICHT die Migration.
+
+## Commit-/Spuren-Regel
+Wie im ganzen Repo: keine Hinweise auf KI-Werkzeuge — nicht im Code, in Kommentaren
+oder in der Historie. Kommentare deutsch, Identifier englisch. Kein Commit ohne
+Ansage der Hauptinstanz.
+
+## Warum
+Der 3D-View laeuft heute als three.js/WebGL im Tauri-Webview (WebKitGTK). Wie beim
+2D-Plan bremst dieser Compositor unter Linux (siehe `wgpu-2d-renderer-briefing.md`
+und Memo `webkitgtk-bottleneck`). Die schwere 3D-Grafik soll daher **nativ mit wgpu**
+gerendert werden (Rust), die Webview macht nur noch UI-Chrome. Das umgeht den
+Webview-Compositor komplett und teilt sich die Toolchain mit dem 2D-Renderer
+(`src-tauri/render2d/`, gleiche Feature-Stufung, gleiche Test-Muster).
+
+---
+
+## 1. Bestandsaufnahme — was der three.js-View rendert
+
+Referenz: `src/viewport/Viewport3D.tsx` (analysiert), plus die Geometrie-Grundlage
+in `src/model/geometry.ts`, `src/model/wall.ts`, `src/model/joins.ts`,
+`src/geometry/opening.ts`, `src/geometry/stair.ts`. Zeilenangaben beziehen sich auf
+den Stand der Analyse.
+
+### Koordinaten-Konvention (verbindlich)
+Das Modell ist 2D in Metern (`x`, `y`) plus Hoehe `z`. Die 3D-Welt ist **Y-up**:
+
+```
+world.x = model.x
+world.y = Hoehe (z)
+world.z = model.y
+```
+
+D.h. **der Grundriss liegt in der XZ-Ebene, die Extrusion laeuft entlang +Y.**
+Belegt u.a. in `Viewport3D.tsx`:
+- Kommentar (~Z. 473): „Modell (x,y,z) → Three (x, z, y) (Z = Hoehe nach oben)".
+- Kontext-Mesh (~Z. 1679–1684): `verts[i]=pos.x; verts[i+1]=pos.z (Hoehe); verts[i+2]=pos.y`.
+- Wand-Griffe (~Z. 764): `new THREE.Vector3(wall.start.x, zBottom, wall.start.y)`.
+- Workplane-Raycast (~Z. 627): `{ x: hit.x, y: hit.z }` (Three → Modell).
+
+Diese Konvention ist in `render3d` 1:1 uebernommen (`types.rs`, `mesh.rs`).
+
+### Waende (der Kern)
+- Funktion `addWallMeshes()` / `addLayerPrism()` (~Z. 1939–2039, 2237–2271).
+- **Mesh-Weg:** `THREE.ExtrudeGeometry` (~Z. 2248) ueber die 2D-Bandform, die
+  `clippedBand(p1, p2, offA, offB, startCut, endCut)` liefert (~Z. 2237; Funktion in
+  `src/model/geometry.ts:87`). Extrudiert wird um `depth = zTop - zBottom`.
+- Die Bandform kommt aus Achse + Dicke: `wallBand`/`wallCorners`
+  (`geometry.ts:53`/`:70`) versetzen die Achse um `thickness/2` entlang der
+  **Links-Normale** `leftNormal(u) = (-u.y, u.x)` (`geometry.ts:17`), CCW-Umlauf.
+- `ExtrudeGeometry` liegt in der XY-Ebene und waechst entlang +Z; three.js dreht das
+  Prisma daher um +90 Grad um X und setzt es auf `topY` (~Z. 2266–2271). In wgpu
+  extrudieren wir direkt in world (XZ-Grundriss, +Y-Hoehe) und sparen die Drehung.
+- **Hoehe/Basis:** `wallVerticalExtent(project, wall)` (`wall.ts:56`) liefert
+  absolute `zBottom`/`zTop` (aus `wall.bottom`/`wall.top`-Ankern bzw. Geschoss-
+  `baseElevation + wall.height`).
+- **Mehrschichtig:** je `wt.layers`-Schicht ein eigenes Prisma mit Dicken-Offset
+  (~Z. 1991–2015). M1 extrudiert vereinfacht EINE Schicht (Gesamtdicke).
+- **Ecken/Gehrung:** `computeJoins()` (`joins.ts:45`) berechnet Schnittlinien
+  (`startCut`/`endCut`), die `clippedBand` an L-Ecken auf Gehrung zieht
+  (`miterLine`, `joins.ts:101`). M1 laesst das noch weg (stumpfe Enden).
+
+### Oeffnungen (Fenster/Tueren)
+- `addOpeningMeshes()` (~Z. 2056–2169) + Segmentierung in `addWallMeshes` (~Z.
+  1968–2035). **Kein CSG/Boolean:** die Wand wird entlang der Achse in Segmente
+  zerlegt (`openingInterval`, `geometry/opening.ts:31`), und je Oeffnung entstehen
+  bis zu drei Prismen: Wand DAVOR, **Bruestung** unter dem Fenster (`sillRel`),
+  **Sturz** ueber der Oeffnung (`headRel`). Rahmen/Fluegel als `BoxGeometry`;
+  Glas semitransparent, Tuerfluegel um `swingAngle` gedreht.
+
+### Treppen
+- `addStairMeshes()` (~Z. 2357–2409). `stairGeometry()` (`geometry/stair.ts`)
+  liefert Trittflaechen (Footprint + Steig-Hoehe) + optionalen Podest-Umriss; jede
+  Stufe als extrudierter Block (`ExtrudeGeometry`), Hoehe = `stairVerticalExtent`.
+
+### Decken/Platten
+- `addCeilingMesh()` (~Z. 2290–2347). `ceiling.outline` als `ExtrudeGeometry`, Tiefe
+  = Deckenstaerke, waechst nach unten von `zTop` (`ceilingVerticalExtent`, `wall.ts:80`).
+
+### Raeume
+- Nicht als eigenstaendige 3D-Koerper gerendert (2D-Grundriss-Repraesentation).
+
+### Kontext/Gelaende
+- `buildContext()` (~Z. 1651–1718). Terrain/importierte Meshes als rohe
+  `BufferGeometry` (Positions/Indices, Koordinaten-Swap wie oben); Hoehenlinien als
+  `LineSegments`. Dazu ein `GridHelper` (~Z. 421) auf OKFF-Hoehe.
+
+### Materialien
+- `MeshLambertMaterial` (Waende/Oeffnungen/Treppen, per Komponente eingefaerbt,
+  ~Z. 2176–2206), `MeshStandardMaterial` (Weiss-/Textur-Modus + Terrain, PBR:
+  `roughness`/`metalness`/`aoMap`, ~Z. 445–491, 2001–2015), `MeshBasicMaterial`
+  (Hidden-Line-Flaechen + immer-oben-Marker), `LineBasicMaterial` (Kanten/2D-
+  Zeichnungen). Render-Modi: shaded / white / textured / wireframe / hidden-line.
+
+### Beleuchtung
+- `AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.6)` (~Z. 416) + `DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.1)` bei
+  `(6, 12, 4)` (~Z. 417). **Keine Schatten** konfiguriert. Keine Hemisphere/Point-
+  Lights.
+
+### Kamera + Presets
+- Zwei Kameras: `PerspectiveCamera(fov, 1, 0.1, 1000)` (~Z. 367) und
+  `OrthographicCamera(-1,1,1,-1, 0.1, 5000)` (~Z. 374). `applyView3d()` (~Z.
+  1566–1633) setzt fuenf Presets:
+  - **front** — Richtung `(0,0,1)`, orthografisch.
+  - **side** — Richtung `(1,0,0)`, orthografisch.
+  - **top** — Richtung `(0,1,~0)`, orthografisch (Rotation gesperrt).
+  - **iso** — Richtung `(1,1,1)` normiert, orthografisch.
+  - **perspective** — Richtung `(0.62,0.5,0.7)` normiert, perspektivisch.
+- Umschalten perspektiv/ortho ueber `active = perspective ? camera : orthoCamera`
+  (~Z. 1602); Ortho-Frustum aus den Modell-Bounds (`updateOrthoFrustum`, ~Z. 1522).
+- **OrbitControls** (~Z. 391–413): Mitteltaste orbit, Shift+Mitte pan, Rad zoom
+  (linke/rechte Taste fuer Auswahl/Kontextmenue umgewidmet).
+
+### Griffe / Gizmos
+- Editier-Griffe (`SphereGeometry`, ~Z. 711–814): Endpunkt (orange), Hoehe (blau),
+  Verschieben (gruen); `depthTest:false` (immer sichtbar). Drag ueber Workplane-
+  Raycast. Fuer den nativen Renderer spaeter relevant (eigener Overlay-Pass).
+
+### Schnittebene
+- **Nicht implementiert:** keine `renderer.clippingPlanes` / `localClippingEnabled`.
+  Schnitte laufen aktuell 2D. Fuer wgpu ein eigenständiger spaeterer Milestone
+  (Clip-Distances im Shader oder Stencil-Capping).
+
+### Tiefe / Culling
+- Tiefentest three.js-Standard aktiv. Backface-Culling per Default (Ausnahme:
+  Terrain/Import `DoubleSide`). Diverse Overlays mit `depthTest:false`.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Port-Plan nach wgpu
+
+### Datenfluss
+Web-Modell → **geflachte Eingabe** (`WallInput`, spaeter Oeffnungen/Treppen/Decken)
+→ `render3d`-Mesh-Erzeugung → GPU-Buffers → Draw. Analog zum 2D-Pfad (`Scene` →
+Tessellierung → Buffers). Die Eingabe ist bewusst serde-only und GPU-frei, damit die
+Mesh-Logik headless testbar bleibt.
+
+### Mesh-Erzeugung (Waende extrudieren)
+- Band aus Achse + Dicke ueber die Links-Normale (`(-u.y, u.x) * thickness/2`,
+  CCW), exakt wie `wallCorners`. Extrusion in world: XZ-Grundriss, +Y von
+  `base_elevation` bis `+height`.
+- Ein Quader = 6 Seiten, je eigene Vertices mit Flaechen-Normale (flaches Shading,
+  korrektes Backface-Culling). 24 Vertices / 36 Indizes je Wand.
+- Spaeter: mehrschichtige Waende (je Schicht ein Prisma), Gehrung
+  (`computeJoins`/`clippedBand`-Port), Oeffnungs-Segmentierung (Bruestung/Sturz).
+
+### Kamera (View/Projektion, Presets)
+- `look_at` (right-handed, Kamera blickt entlang -Z im View-Raum), `perspective`
+  und `orthographic` — beide auf **Clip-Z in [0,1]** (wgpu-Konvention, NICHT [-1,1]).
+- Fuenf Presets (`preset_camera`): front/top/side orthografisch achsparallel,
+  iso/persp perspektivisch. `top` mit up=-Z, damit Modell-Y im Bild nach unten
+  zeigt (wie die 2D-Sicht).
+- Orbit-Kamera aus Yaw/Pitch/Distanz (`orbit_eye`, Pitch geklemmt gegen Pol-Flip).
+
+### Beleuchtung
+- Zunaechst EIN Directional-Light (Richtung ZUM Licht) + ambienter Sockel im
+  Fragment-Shader (WGSL) — das GPU-Aequivalent zu `AmbientLight(0.6)` +
+  `DirectionalLight(1.1)@(6,12,4)`. Diffuses Lambert. PBR (Rauheit/Metallik/
+  Texturen/AO) spaeter.
+
+### Tiefenpuffer + Culling
+- `Depth32Float`-Attachment, `depth_compare = Less`, `depth_write = true`.
+- `front_face = Ccw`, `cull_mode = Back` (die Extrusion liefert konsistent nach
+  aussen zeigende CCW-Flaechen).
+
+### Matrix-Mathematik
+- Handgerechnet (kein `glam`) in der serde-only Schicht — begruendet in `math.rs`:
+  die Standard-Schicht soll wie in render2d ohne Zusatz-Crates headless test-/baubar
+  bleiben; der Umfang (perspective/ortho/look_at + Orbit) ist klein und exakt
+  testbar. Ein spaeterer Wechsel zu `glam` (nur in der GPU-Schicht) bleibt moeglich,
+  ohne die Kamera-Tests anzufassen. Alles spalten-major, direkt als Uniform ladbar.
+
+### Milestones M2..Mn
+- **M2 — Mehrschichtige Waende + Gehrung:** Port von `computeJoins`/`miterLine` +
+  `clippedBand` → gehrte Bandformen je Schicht; Farben/Materialien je Komponente.
+- **M3 — Oeffnungen:** Achsen-Segmentierung (Bruestung/Sturz) + Rahmen/Glas/Fluegel
+  als eigene Meshes; Tuerschwenk-Winkel.
+- **M4 — Treppen + Decken:** Port von `stairGeometry`/`ceilingVerticalExtent`.
+- **M5 — Kontext/Gelaende:** rohe Terrain-/Import-Meshes + Hoehenlinien + Grid.
+- **M6 — Materialien (PBR):** `MeshStandardMaterial`-Aequivalent (roughness/
+  metalness/albedo/AO-Textur); Render-Modi shaded/white/textured/wireframe/hidden.
+- **M7 — Schnittebene:** Clip-Distances im Shader oder Stencil-Capping (Feature, das
+  der three.js-View gar nicht hat — echter Mehrwert).
+- **M8 — Griffe/Gizmos + Picking:** Overlay-Pass (immer-oben) + GPU-/Ray-Picking.
+- **M9 — Tauri-Integration:** Surface unter der Webview (raw-window-handle,
+  Z-Order, Input-Routing) — siehe `wgpu-2d-renderer-briefing.md` M2 (gleiches
+  Integrations-Problem; einmal loesen, fuer 2D+3D nutzen). Kamera-Presets/Orbit-
+  Input aus der Webview an den Renderer.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Was in `src-tauri/render3d/` steht (M1)
+
+Neue, eigenstaendige Crate (eigener leerer `[workspace]`-Block, wie render2d), damit
+`cargo test`/`build` unabhaengig vom Tauri-Workspace laufen. Feature-Stufung 1:1 wie
+render2d:
+
+- `Cargo.toml` — Features `default` (serde-only) / `render` (wgpu) / `window`
+  (winit-Spike). `[[bin]] spike3d` mit `required-features = ["window"]`.
+- `src/types.rs` — serde-only Eingabe: `WallInput { start, end, thickness, height,
+  base_elevation, color }`, `Camera` (+ `Projection`), `CameraPreset`; Ausgabe
+  `Mesh` (interleaved `[pos.xyz, normal.xyz, color.rgb]` + Indizes) mit
+  `vertex_count`/`triangle_count`/`bounds`. Koordinaten-Konvention dokumentiert.
+- `src/mesh.rs` — Wand-Extrusion: `extrude_wall`/`build_walls_mesh`. Band ueber
+  Links-Normale, Quader mit sechs eigenen Seiten, nach aussen zeigende Normalen.
+- `src/math.rs` — `Mat4` (spalten-major), `perspective`/`orthographic` (Clip-Z
+  [0,1]), `look_at`, `view_projection`, `orbit_eye`, `preset_camera` (fuenf Presets).
+- `src/shaders.rs` — WGSL (`MESH_WGSL`): View-Projektion-Uniform + Directional-
+  Light + ambienter Sockel im Fragment-Shader.
+- `src/gpu.rs` (Feature `render`) — `Renderer`: eine Pipeline mit Tiefenpuffer,
+  View-Projektions-Uniform, Backface-Culling. `upload_walls` → GPU-Buffers,
+  `render(camera, viewport)`.
+- `src/bin/spike3d.rs` (Feature `window`) — winit-Fenster mit Demo-Raum (5
+  extrudierte Waende) + **Orbit-Kamera** (linke Maustaste dreht Yaw/Pitch, Rad
+  zoomt Abstand). Matrix-getrieben, kein Re-Meshing beim Kamera-Wechsel.
+- `src/lib.rs` — Modul-Deklarationen, Re-Exports, Tests.
+
+### Tests (`cargo test`, default-Feature)
+Muster wie render2d/`glPlanCompile.test.ts`:
+- Quader-Zaehlung (eine Wand → 24 Vertices / 36 Indizes / 12 Dreiecke).
+- Mehrere Waende addieren sich.
+- Bounding-Box deckt Laenge/Dicke/Hoehe ab; `base_elevation` verschiebt in Y.
+- Deckel-Normale = +Y; **alle Mantel-Normalen zeigen nach aussen** (Dot mit
+  „Vertex − Zentrum" ≥ 0 → Backface-Culling korrekt).
+- Diagonale Wand; degenerierte Wand (Start==Ende) erzeugt nichts (kein Absturz).
+- Kamera: `look_at` setzt Ziel auf view-z=-dist; Perspektive klemmt z in [0,1];
+  `orbit_eye` haelt den Abstand; Presets setzen die richtige Projektionsart.
+- Mit `--features render`: WGSL headless via `naga` (Parser + Validator) validiert.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Build-/Test-Ergebnis
+
+Alle Gates gruen (Toolchain: cargo 1.96, wgpu 22, winit 0.30):
+- `cargo test` (default) — **12/12** gruen (Mesh + Kamera).
+- `cargo test --features render` — **13/13** gruen (inkl. WGSL-naga-Validierung).
+- `cargo build` (default), `--features render`, `--features window` — je gruen,
+  **keine Warnungen**.
+- Trace-Scan sauber (keine KI-Spuren).
+- Web-Gates unberuehrt (nur `src-tauri/` + `docs/` angefasst; `src/` nur gelesen).
+
+**Visuelle Fenster-Verifikation** ist headless NICHT moeglich. Auf einer aktiven
+Display-Session pruefbar mit:
+
+```
+cargo run --features window --bin spike3d
+```
+
+Erwartet: ein Raum aus extrudierten Waenden mit diffuser Beleuchtung; linke
+Maustaste dreht die Orbit-Kamera, das Rad zoomt.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Naechste Schritte
+1. **M2** starten: `computeJoins`/`clippedBand`-Port für gehrte, mehrschichtige
+   Waende (die Bandmath ist im Web bereits verifiziert — gleiche Tests portieren).
+2. Oeffnungs-Segmentierung (M3) auf demselben Extrusions-Kern.
+3. Die **Tauri-Integration (M9)** gemeinsam mit dem 2D-Renderer loesen (ein Surface-
+   Unterbau, ein Input-Routing) — das ist der eigentliche Engpass, nicht das
+   Rendering. Erst standalone spiken (dieser Stand), dann unter die Webview.
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/.gitignore b/src-tauri/render3d/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.lock b/src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..736f41d
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+ "smol_str",
+ "tracing",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
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+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-plasma",
+ "web-sys",
+ "web-time",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "x11-dl",
+ "x11rb",
+ "xkbcommon-dl",
+]
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+ "gethostname",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.4",
+ "x11rb-protocol",
+]
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+ "bitflags 2.13.0",
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
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+checksum = "ce1022995ff5ff5d841ad7d994facc23098cd40152f2c1d11cd607c6f530653f"
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+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.118",
+]
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diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.toml b/src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4fad04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+[package]
+name = "render3d"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+description = "Nativer wgpu-3D-Renderer fuer die CAD-Modellsicht (Wand-Extrusion + Kamera + Pipeline)"
+
+# Bewusst NICHT Teil des src-tauri-Workspaces: die Mesh-Bibliothek soll unabhaengig
+# von Tauri baubar/testbar bleiben (headless, ohne Webview-Toolchain). Der leere
+# [workspace]-Block schliesst die Crate aus einem uebergeordneten Workspace aus,
+# sodass `cargo test`/`cargo build` hier eigenstaendig laufen (Muster: render2d).
+[workspace]
+
+[features]
+# Standard: nur Mesh-Erzeugung (Wand-Extrusion) + Kamera/Matrizen + WGSL-Quellen.
+# Diese Schicht ist serde-only, hat keine GPU-Abhaengigkeit und ist headless
+# vollstaendig per `cargo test` pruefbar.
+default = []
+
+# GPU-Pipeline (wgpu). Baut auch headless (wgpu laedt Vulkan/GL erst zur Laufzeit
+# dynamisch), rendert aber nur mit einer aktiven Grafik-Session. Enthaelt Tiefen-
+# puffer, View-Projektions-Uniform und ein Directional-Light im Fragment-Shader.
+render = ["dep:wgpu", "dep:bytemuck", "dep:pollster"]
+
+# Fenster-Spike (winit) inkl. lauffaehigem Binary mit Orbit-Kamera. Braucht
+# Wayland/X11 + eine Display-Session zur visuellen Verifikation.
+window = ["render", "dep:winit", "dep:env_logger"]
+
+[dependencies]
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+
+# --- GPU (nur mit Feature "render") ------------------------------------------
+# Standard-Features von wgpu (wgsl, webgpu, dx12, metal). Die Linux-Backends
+# Vulkan/GLES aktiviert wgpu selbst ueber seine target-spezifischen Defaults —
+# es gibt in wgpu 22 keine expliziten `vulkan`/`gles`-Feature-Namen.
+wgpu = { version = "22", optional = true }
+bytemuck = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["derive"] }
+pollster = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
+
+# --- Fenster (nur mit Feature "window") --------------------------------------
+winit = { version = "0.30", optional = true }
+env_logger = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde_json = "1"
+# naga validiert die WGSL-Quellen headless (Parser + Validator) im Test, ohne
+# GPU/Display. Version an wgpu 22 gekoppelt (transitiv ohnehin vorhanden).
+naga = { version = "22", features = ["wgsl-in"] }
+
+# Der Fenster-Spike ist nur mit Feature "window" verfuegbar; ohne das Feature
+# wird das Binary aus dem Build ausgeschlossen (required-features).
+[[bin]]
+name = "spike3d"
+path = "src/bin/spike3d.rs"
+required-features = ["window"]
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/bin/spike3d.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/bin/spike3d.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14cd3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/bin/spike3d.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+// Standalone-Fenster-Spike (Feature "window"): oeffnet ein winit-Fenster mit
+// eigener wgpu-Surface und zeichnet eine Demo-Szene aus extrudierten Waenden (ein
+// geschlossener Raum). Eine ORBIT-KAMERA laesst sich mit der Maus drehen (linke
+// Taste ziehen = Yaw/Pitch) und mit dem Rad zoomen (Abstand). Nur die
+// View-Projektions-Matrix aendert sich — kein Re-Meshing.
+//
+// Das ist bewusst der entkoppelte Rendering-Spike (M1): Rendering getrennt von der
+// Tauri/Webview-Integration verifizieren. Die Anbindung unter die Webview
+// (raw-window-handle) folgt in einem spaeteren Milestone.
+//
+// Start:  cargo run --features window --bin spike3d
+// (braucht eine aktive Wayland-/X11-Session; headless nicht sichtbar verifizierbar).
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use render3d::gpu::Renderer;
+use render3d::math::orbit_eye;
+use render3d::types::{Camera, Projection, WallInput};
+
+use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
+use winit::event::{ElementState, MouseButton, MouseScrollDelta, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+
+/// Demo-Szene: ein rechteckiger Raum (4 Aussenwaende) plus eine Innenwand. Achsen
+/// in Meter; Dicke 0.2 m, Hoehe 2.6 m. Genug, um Extrusion, Tiefenpuffer und
+/// Beleuchtung im Orbit zu beurteilen.
+fn demo_walls() -> Vec<WallInput> {
+    let t = 0.2;
+    let ht = 2.6;
+    let grey = [0.82, 0.80, 0.76];
+    let mk = |a: [f32; 2], b: [f32; 2]| WallInput {
+        start: a,
+        end: b,
+        thickness: t,
+        height: ht,
+        base_elevation: 0.0,
+        color: grey,
+    };
+    // Raum 6 x 4 m.
+    vec![
+        mk([0.0, 0.0], [6.0, 0.0]), // Sued
+        mk([6.0, 0.0], [6.0, 4.0]), // Ost
+        mk([6.0, 4.0], [0.0, 4.0]), // Nord
+        mk([0.0, 4.0], [0.0, 0.0]), // West
+        mk([3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.5]), // Innenwand (Teilung)
+    ]
+}
+
+/// Zielpunkt (Raum-Mitte in world) und Start-Abstand fuer die Orbit-Kamera.
+fn scene_target() -> [f32; 3] {
+    // Raum 6x4 in der XZ-Ebene, Wandmitte-Hoehe ~1.3.
+    [3.0, 1.3, 2.0]
+}
+
+struct GpuState {
+    surface: wgpu::Surface<'static>,
+    device: wgpu::Device,
+    queue: wgpu::Queue,
+    config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration,
+    renderer: Renderer,
+    window: Arc<Window>,
+}
+
+impl GpuState {
+    fn new(window: Arc<Window>) -> Self {
+        let size = window.inner_size();
+        let instance = wgpu::Instance::default();
+        let surface = instance
+            .create_surface(window.clone())
+            .expect("Surface erstellen");
+        let adapter = pollster::block_on(instance.request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+            power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+            force_fallback_adapter: false,
+            compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
+        }))
+        .expect("kein passender GPU-Adapter");
+        let (device, queue) = pollster::block_on(adapter.request_device(
+            &wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+                label: Some("3d.device"),
+                required_features: wgpu::Features::empty(),
+                required_limits: wgpu::Limits::default(),
+                memory_hints: wgpu::MemoryHints::Performance,
+            },
+            None,
+        ))
+        .expect("Device anfordern");
+
+        let caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
+        let format = caps
+            .formats
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .find(|f| f.is_srgb())
+            .unwrap_or(caps.formats[0]);
+        let config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+            format,
+            width: size.width.max(1),
+            height: size.height.max(1),
+            present_mode: caps.present_modes[0],
+            alpha_mode: caps.alpha_modes[0],
+            view_formats: vec![],
+            desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
+        };
+        surface.configure(&device, &config);
+
+        let mut renderer = Renderer::new(&device, format);
+        renderer.upload_walls(&device, &demo_walls());
+
+        Self {
+            surface,
+            device,
+            queue,
+            config,
+            renderer,
+            window,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resize(&mut self, w: u32, h: u32) {
+        if w == 0 || h == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.config.width = w;
+        self.config.height = h;
+        self.surface.configure(&self.device, &self.config);
+    }
+
+    fn render(&mut self, camera: &Camera) {
+        let frame = match self.surface.get_current_texture() {
+            Ok(f) => f,
+            Err(wgpu::SurfaceError::Lost | wgpu::SurfaceError::Outdated) => {
+                self.surface.configure(&self.device, &self.config);
+                return;
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("Surface-Fehler: {e:?}");
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let view = frame
+            .texture
+            .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+        self.renderer.render(
+            &self.device,
+            &self.queue,
+            &view,
+            camera,
+            (self.config.width, self.config.height),
+        );
+        frame.present();
+    }
+}
+
+/// Orbit-Zustand: Yaw/Pitch (Radiant) + Abstand. Steuert die Kamera-Position um
+/// das feste Ziel (Raum-Mitte).
+struct Orbit {
+    yaw: f32,
+    pitch: f32,
+    dist: f32,
+}
+
+impl Default for Orbit {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        // Schraeg von vorn-oben-rechts, ~10 m Abstand.
+        Self {
+            yaw: std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_4,
+            pitch: 0.5,
+            dist: 11.0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Orbit {
+    fn camera(&self) -> Camera {
+        let target = scene_target();
+        Camera {
+            eye: orbit_eye(target, self.yaw, self.pitch, self.dist),
+            target,
+            up: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            projection: Projection::Perspective,
+            ..Camera::default()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct App {
+    state: Option<GpuState>,
+    orbit: Orbit,
+    dragging: bool,
+    last_cursor: (f64, f64),
+}
+
+impl ApplicationHandler for App {
+    fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        if self.state.is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let attrs = Window::default_attributes().with_title("render3d — Spike (Orbit)");
+        let window = Arc::new(event_loop.create_window(attrs).expect("Fenster erstellen"));
+        self.state = Some(GpuState::new(window));
+    }
+
+    fn window_event(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        _id: WindowId,
+        event: WindowEvent,
+    ) {
+        let Some(state) = self.state.as_mut() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested => event_loop.exit(),
+            WindowEvent::Resized(size) => {
+                state.resize(size.width, size.height);
+                state.window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            WindowEvent::MouseInput { state: s, button, .. } => {
+                if button == MouseButton::Left {
+                    self.dragging = s == ElementState::Pressed;
+                }
+            }
+            WindowEvent::CursorMoved { position, .. } => {
+                if self.dragging {
+                    // Maus-Delta -> Yaw/Pitch (Radiant je px). Pitch klemmt orbit_eye.
+                    let dx = (position.x - self.last_cursor.0) as f32;
+                    let dy = (position.y - self.last_cursor.1) as f32;
+                    self.orbit.yaw -= dx * 0.01;
+                    self.orbit.pitch += dy * 0.01;
+                    let limit = std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2 - 0.01;
+                    self.orbit.pitch = self.orbit.pitch.clamp(-limit, limit);
+                    state.window.request_redraw();
+                }
+                self.last_cursor = (position.x, position.y);
+            }
+            WindowEvent::MouseWheel { delta, .. } => {
+                let step = match delta {
+                    MouseScrollDelta::LineDelta(_, y) => y,
+                    MouseScrollDelta::PixelDelta(p) => (p.y as f32) / 40.0,
+                };
+                // Rad -> Abstand (multiplikativ), geklemmt auf sinnvollen Bereich.
+                let factor = if step > 0.0 { 0.9 } else { 1.0 / 0.9 };
+                self.orbit.dist = (self.orbit.dist * factor).clamp(1.5, 200.0);
+                state.window.request_redraw();
+            }
+            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => {
+                let cam = self.orbit.camera();
+                state.render(&cam);
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect("Event-Loop erstellen");
+    event_loop.set_control_flow(winit::event_loop::ControlFlow::Wait);
+    let mut app = App::default();
+    event_loop.run_app(&mut app).expect("App laufen lassen");
+}
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/gpu.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/gpu.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8323de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/gpu.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// wgpu-Pipeline des nativen 3D-Renderers (nur mit Feature "render").
+//
+// Eine Pipeline: extrudierte Wand-Meshes mit Tiefenpuffer, View-Projektions-
+// Matrix-Uniform und einem Directional-Light im Fragment-Shader. Backface-Culling
+// ist aktiv (die Extrusion liefert konsistent nach aussen zeigende Flaechen, siehe
+// mesh.rs) — das haelt das Innere der Waende korrekt verdeckt.
+//
+// Der Renderer ist fenster-/surface-agnostisch: er bekommt `Device`, `Queue` und
+// ein `TextureView` (Surface- oder Offscreen-Textur) plus die aktuelle Kamera und
+// zeichnet dort hinein. Die Fenster-Anbindung (winit) liegt separat im Spike-Bin.
+
+use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::math::{view_projection, Mat4};
+use crate::mesh::build_walls_mesh;
+use crate::shaders::MESH_WGSL;
+use crate::types::{Camera, WallInput, FLOATS_PER_VERTEX};
+
+/// Tiefenformat des Z-Puffers (32 Bit Float, ueberall verfuegbar).
+pub const DEPTH_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
+
+/// Uniform-Block, 1:1 zum WGSL-`Globals`-Struct. std140-kompatibel (mat4/vec4 auf
+/// 16 Byte ausgerichtet).
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
+struct Globals {
+    view_proj: [f32; 16],
+    light_dir: [f32; 4],
+    ambient: [f32; 4],
+}
+
+impl Default for Globals {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            view_proj: crate::math::identity(),
+            // Richtung ZUM Licht (world), normiert. Entspricht der three.js-Sonne
+            // bei (6,12,4): das Licht kommt aus dieser Richtung.
+            light_dir: normalize4([6.0, 12.0, 4.0]),
+            // Ambienter Sockel 0.6 (wie three.js-AmbientLight(0.6)).
+            ambient: [0.6, 0.6, 0.6, 1.0],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn normalize4(v: [f32; 3]) -> [f32; 4] {
+    let l = (v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1] + v[2] * v[2]).sqrt().max(1e-9);
+    [v[0] / l, v[1] / l, v[2] / l, 0.0]
+}
+
+/// GPU-seitige Puffer eines hochgeladenen Meshes.
+struct MeshBuffers {
+    vbo: wgpu::Buffer,
+    ibo: wgpu::Buffer,
+    index_count: u32,
+}
+
+/// Der native 3D-Renderer: haelt die Pipeline, das Uniform (View-Projektion +
+/// Licht) und das aktuell hochgeladene Mesh. Ein Tiefenpuffer wird passend zur
+/// Ziel-Groesse (neu) angelegt.
+pub struct Renderer {
+    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+    uniform: wgpu::Buffer,
+    mesh: Option<MeshBuffers>,
+    depth: Option<DepthTarget>,
+    globals: Globals,
+    /// Loeschfarbe (Hintergrund). Default heller Grauton wie die three.js-Sicht.
+    pub clear_color: wgpu::Color,
+}
+
+/// Tiefen-Textur samt View, an eine bestimmte Groesse gebunden.
+struct DepthTarget {
+    view: wgpu::TextureView,
+    width: u32,
+    height: u32,
+}
+
+impl Renderer {
+    /// Erzeugt Pipeline + Layout fuer ein gegebenes Farbformat (Surface).
+    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, color_format: wgpu::TextureFormat) -> Self {
+        let module = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+            label: Some("mesh.wgsl"),
+            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(MESH_WGSL.into()),
+        });
+
+        let bind_group_layout =
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+                label: Some("globals.layout"),
+                entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX_FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                        ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                        has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                        min_binding_size: wgpu::BufferSize::new(
+                            std::mem::size_of::<Globals>() as u64
+                        ),
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                }],
+            });
+
+        let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("3d.layout"),
+            bind_group_layouts: &[&bind_group_layout],
+            push_constant_ranges: &[],
+        });
+
+        // Vertex-Layout: [pos vec3, normal vec3, color vec3], stride 9*4.
+        let vertex_layout = wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+            array_stride: (FLOATS_PER_VERTEX * 4) as u64,
+            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
+            attributes: &wgpu::vertex_attr_array![0 => Float32x3, 1 => Float32x3, 2 => Float32x3],
+        };
+
+        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+            label: Some("mesh.pipeline"),
+            layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
+            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                module: &module,
+                entry_point: "vs_main",
+                buffers: &[vertex_layout],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            },
+            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                module: &module,
+                entry_point: "fs_main",
+                targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                    format: color_format,
+                    blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
+                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                })],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            }),
+            primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+                topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
+                // Aussen zeigende Flaechen sind CCW (mesh.rs) -> Rueckseiten cullen.
+                front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
+                cull_mode: Some(wgpu::Face::Back),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
+                depth_write_enabled: true,
+                depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Less,
+                stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(),
+                bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+            }),
+            multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState::default(),
+            multiview: None,
+            cache: None,
+        });
+
+        let uniform = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("globals.buffer"),
+            size: std::mem::size_of::<Globals>() as u64,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: Some("globals.bind"),
+            layout: &bind_group_layout,
+            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                binding: 0,
+                resource: uniform.as_entire_binding(),
+            }],
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            pipeline,
+            bind_group,
+            uniform,
+            mesh: None,
+            depth: None,
+            globals: Globals::default(),
+            // #e9e9e9 heller Hintergrund (wie die three.js-Modellsicht).
+            clear_color: wgpu::Color {
+                r: 0.914,
+                g: 0.914,
+                b: 0.914,
+                a: 1.0,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Erzeugt das Mesh aus geflachten Waenden und laedt die Puffer hoch.
+    pub fn upload_walls(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, walls: &[WallInput]) {
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(walls);
+        if mesh.indices.is_empty() {
+            self.mesh = None;
+            return;
+        }
+        let vbo = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("mesh.vbo"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&mesh.verts),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
+        });
+        let ibo = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("mesh.ibo"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&mesh.indices),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::INDEX,
+        });
+        self.mesh = Some(MeshBuffers {
+            vbo,
+            ibo,
+            index_count: mesh.indices.len() as u32,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Setzt die Lichtrichtung (Richtung ZUM Licht, world) und den ambienten Sockel.
+    pub fn set_light(&mut self, dir_to_light: [f32; 3], ambient: f32) {
+        self.globals.light_dir = normalize4(dir_to_light);
+        self.globals.ambient = [ambient, ambient, ambient, 1.0];
+    }
+
+    /// Stellt sicher, dass ein Tiefenpuffer passend zur Ziel-Groesse existiert.
+    fn ensure_depth(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, w: u32, h: u32) {
+        let ok = matches!(&self.depth, Some(d) if d.width == w && d.height == h);
+        if ok {
+            return;
+        }
+        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: Some("depth"),
+            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: w.max(1),
+                height: h.max(1),
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: DEPTH_FORMAT,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        });
+        let view = texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+        self.depth = Some(DepthTarget {
+            view,
+            width: w.max(1),
+            height: h.max(1),
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Zeichnet einen Frame in `view` (Surface- oder Offscreen-Textur). Die Kamera
+    /// liefert die View-Projektions-Matrix; `viewport` bestimmt das Seitenverhaeltnis
+    /// und die Tiefenpuffer-Groesse.
+    pub fn render(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        camera: &Camera,
+        viewport: (u32, u32),
+    ) {
+        let (w, h) = viewport;
+        let aspect = if h > 0 { w as f32 / h as f32 } else { 1.0 };
+        let vp: Mat4 = view_projection(camera, aspect);
+        self.globals.view_proj = vp;
+        queue.write_buffer(&self.uniform, 0, bytemuck::bytes_of(&self.globals));
+
+        self.ensure_depth(device, w, h);
+        let depth_view = &self.depth.as_ref().unwrap().view;
+
+        let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+            label: Some("3d.encoder"),
+        });
+        {
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("3d.pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(self.clear_color),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                })],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                    view: depth_view,
+                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    }),
+                    stencil_ops: None,
+                }),
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+            });
+
+            if let Some(m) = &self.mesh {
+                pass.set_pipeline(&self.pipeline);
+                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.bind_group, &[]);
+                pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, m.vbo.slice(..));
+                pass.set_index_buffer(m.ibo.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
+                pass.draw_indexed(0..m.index_count, 0, 0..1);
+            }
+        }
+        queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/lib.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49b33fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+// Nativer wgpu-3D-Renderer fuer die CAD-Modellsicht.
+//
+// Aufbau in Schichten (bewusst getrennt, siehe Feature-Flags in Cargo.toml):
+//  - `types`   : serde-only Eingabe (geflachte Waende, Kamera) + Mesh-Ausgabe.
+//  - `mesh`    : Wand-Extrusion (Band aus Achse+Dicke, hochgezogen auf Hoehe).
+//                GPU-frei, headless per `cargo test` pruefbar. Kern-Port der
+//                three.js-`ExtrudeGeometry`-Wanderzeugung.
+//  - `math`    : Mat4 + Kamera (View/Projektion, Perspektive + Orthografie,
+//                die fuenf Presets) + Orbit-Helfer. Handgerechnet, testbar.
+//  - `shaders` : WGSL-Quelle (View-Projektion + Directional-Light).
+//  - `gpu`     : wgpu-Pipeline mit Tiefenpuffer + Backface-Culling (Feature "render").
+//  - `bin/spike3d` : winit-Fenster mit Orbit-Kamera (Feature "window").
+//
+// Standard-Build (`cargo test`/`cargo build` ohne Features) enthaelt nur die
+// GPU-freien Schichten und ist damit unabhaengig von einer Display-Session.
+
+pub mod math;
+pub mod mesh;
+pub mod shaders;
+pub mod types;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "render")]
+pub mod gpu;
+
+pub use math::{
+    look_at, orbit_eye, orthographic, perspective, preset_camera, projection_matrix,
+    view_matrix, view_projection, Mat4,
+};
+pub use mesh::{build_walls_mesh, extrude_wall};
+pub use types::{
+    Camera, CameraPreset, Mesh, Point2, Projection, Rgb, WallInput, FLOATS_PER_VERTEX,
+};
+
+// --- Tests: Mesh-Erzeugung (Muster wie render2d/tessellate) -------------------
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::mesh::{build_walls_mesh, extrude_wall, INDICES_PER_BOX, VERTS_PER_BOX};
+    use super::types::{Mesh, WallInput, FLOATS_PER_VERTEX};
+
+    /// Bequemer Bau einer achsparallelen Wand entlang +X.
+    fn wall_x(len: f32, thickness: f32, height: f32) -> WallInput {
+        WallInput {
+            start: [0.0, 0.0],
+            end: [len, 0.0],
+            thickness,
+            height,
+            base_elevation: 0.0,
+            color: [0.8, 0.8, 0.8],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Liest Position + Normale eines Vertex (index i) aus dem interleaved Puffer.
+    fn vert(mesh: &Mesh, i: usize) -> ([f32; 3], [f32; 3]) {
+        let b = i * FLOATS_PER_VERTEX;
+        (
+            [mesh.verts[b], mesh.verts[b + 1], mesh.verts[b + 2]],
+            [mesh.verts[b + 3], mesh.verts[b + 4], mesh.verts[b + 5]],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eine_wand_hat_quader_zaehlung() {
+        // Eine Wand -> ein Quader: 24 Vertices, 36 Indizes (12 Dreiecke).
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[wall_x(3.0, 0.2, 2.5)]);
+        assert_eq!(mesh.vertex_count(), VERTS_PER_BOX, "24 Vertices je Quader");
+        assert_eq!(mesh.indices.len(), INDICES_PER_BOX, "36 Indizes je Quader");
+        assert_eq!(mesh.triangle_count(), 12, "12 Dreiecke je Quader");
+        // Kein Index zeigt ausserhalb des Puffers.
+        let max_idx = *mesh.indices.iter().max().unwrap();
+        assert!((max_idx as usize) < mesh.vertex_count());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mehrere_waende_addieren_sich() {
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[
+            wall_x(3.0, 0.2, 2.5),
+            WallInput {
+                start: [3.0, 0.0],
+                end: [3.0, 4.0],
+                thickness: 0.2,
+                height: 2.5,
+                base_elevation: 0.0,
+                color: [0.8, 0.8, 0.8],
+            },
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(mesh.vertex_count(), 2 * VERTS_PER_BOX);
+        assert_eq!(mesh.indices.len(), 2 * INDICES_PER_BOX);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bounding_box_deckt_dicke_laenge_hoehe_ab() {
+        // Wand entlang +X, Laenge 3, Dicke 0.2 -> Band in Z von -0.1..0.1;
+        // Hoehe 2.5 ab Basis 0. world: (x, y=hoehe, z=grundriss.y).
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[wall_x(3.0, 0.2, 2.5)]);
+        let (min, max) = mesh.bounds();
+        // X: 0..3 (Achsenlaenge).
+        assert!((min[0] - 0.0).abs() < 1e-5, "min x == 0");
+        assert!((max[0] - 3.0).abs() < 1e-5, "max x == 3");
+        // Y: 0..2.5 (Hoehe).
+        assert!((min[1] - 0.0).abs() < 1e-5, "min y == 0");
+        assert!((max[1] - 2.5).abs() < 1e-5, "max y == 2.5");
+        // Z: -0.1..0.1 (halbe Dicke je Seite).
+        assert!((min[2] + 0.1).abs() < 1e-5, "min z == -0.1");
+        assert!((max[2] - 0.1).abs() < 1e-5, "max z == 0.1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn basis_hoehe_verschiebt_in_y() {
+        let mut w = wall_x(3.0, 0.2, 2.5);
+        w.base_elevation = 3.0; // Obergeschoss.
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[w]);
+        let (min, max) = mesh.bounds();
+        assert!((min[1] - 3.0).abs() < 1e-5, "Unterkante auf Basis 3.0");
+        assert!((max[1] - 5.5).abs() < 1e-5, "Oberkante 3.0 + 2.5");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deckel_normale_zeigt_nach_oben() {
+        // Der Deckel wird als erstes Quad angehaengt (Vertices 0..3): Normale +Y.
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[wall_x(3.0, 0.2, 2.5)]);
+        let (_, n0) = vert(&mesh, 0);
+        assert!((n0[0]).abs() < 1e-6);
+        assert!((n0[1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-6, "Deckel-Normale +Y");
+        assert!((n0[2]).abs() < 1e-6);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mantel_normalen_zeigen_nach_aussen() {
+        // Wand entlang +X: die +n-Seite liegt bei z=+0.1 (n = leftNormal von +X =
+        // (0,1) im Grundriss -> world +Z), die -n-Seite bei z=-0.1. Fuer JEDE
+        // Mantelflaechen-Normale muss gelten: sie zeigt vom Wand-Zentrum weg.
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[wall_x(3.0, 0.2, 2.5)]);
+        // Wand-Zentrum in world.
+        let center = [1.5f32, 1.25, 0.0];
+        // Alle Vertices durchgehen; fuer jede Flaeche muss die Normale eine
+        // positive Komponente in Richtung (Vertex - Zentrum) haben (zeigt raus).
+        let n = mesh.vertex_count();
+        for i in 0..n {
+            let (p, nor) = vert(&mesh, i);
+            let out = [p[0] - center[0], p[1] - center[1], p[2] - center[2]];
+            let d = out[0] * nor[0] + out[1] * nor[1] + out[2] * nor[2];
+            // >= 0: die Normale weist nie ins Innere (Backface-Culling korrekt).
+            assert!(
+                d >= -1e-5,
+                "Vertex {i}: Normale zeigt nach innen (dot={d})"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn diagonale_wand_hat_gleiche_zaehlung() {
+        // Auch nicht-achsparallele Waende extrudieren korrekt (nur andere Ecken).
+        let w = WallInput {
+            start: [0.0, 0.0],
+            end: [2.0, 2.0],
+            thickness: 0.3,
+            height: 3.0,
+            base_elevation: 0.0,
+            color: [0.8, 0.8, 0.8],
+        };
+        let mut mesh = Mesh::default();
+        extrude_wall(&mut mesh, &w);
+        assert_eq!(mesh.vertex_count(), VERTS_PER_BOX);
+        // Hoehe deckt Y 0..3 ab.
+        let (min, max) = mesh.bounds();
+        assert!((min[1]).abs() < 1e-5 && (max[1] - 3.0).abs() < 1e-5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn degenerierte_wand_erzeugt_nichts() {
+        // Start == Ende -> keine Richtung -> uebersprungen (kein Absturz).
+        let w = WallInput {
+            start: [1.0, 1.0],
+            end: [1.0, 1.0],
+            thickness: 0.2,
+            height: 2.5,
+            base_elevation: 0.0,
+            color: [0.8, 0.8, 0.8],
+        };
+        let mesh = build_walls_mesh(&[w]);
+        assert_eq!(mesh.vertex_count(), 0);
+        assert!(mesh.indices.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    // --- Kamera / Matrizen ----------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn look_at_setzt_kamera_ins_zentrum() {
+        use super::math::{transform_point, view_matrix};
+        use super::types::Camera;
+        let cam = Camera {
+            eye: [0.0, 0.0, 5.0],
+            target: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            up: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            ..Camera::default()
+        };
+        let v = view_matrix(&cam);
+        // Das Blickziel (Ursprung) liegt im View-Raum vor der Kamera bei z=-5
+        // (Kamera schaut entlang -Z).
+        let p = transform_point(&v, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
+        assert!((p[0]).abs() < 1e-5 && (p[1]).abs() < 1e-5);
+        assert!((p[2] + 5.0).abs() < 1e-5, "Ziel bei view-z = -5");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn perspektive_klemmt_z_in_null_bis_eins() {
+        use super::math::{perspective, transform_point};
+        let m = perspective(60.0_f32.to_radians(), 1.0, 1.0, 100.0);
+        // Punkt auf der Nah-Ebene (view-z = -near) -> clip-z/w == 0.
+        let near = transform_point(&m, [0.0, 0.0, -1.0]);
+        assert!((near[2] / near[3]).abs() < 1e-4, "Nah-Ebene -> z=0");
+        // Punkt auf der Fern-Ebene (view-z = -far) -> clip-z/w == 1.
+        let far = transform_point(&m, [0.0, 0.0, -100.0]);
+        assert!(((far[2] / far[3]) - 1.0).abs() < 1e-4, "Fern-Ebene -> z=1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn orbit_eye_haelt_abstand_ein() {
+        use super::math::orbit_eye;
+        let target = [1.0, 0.0, 2.0];
+        let e = orbit_eye(target, 0.7, 0.4, 10.0);
+        let d = ((e[0] - target[0]).powi(2)
+            + (e[1] - target[1]).powi(2)
+            + (e[2] - target[2]).powi(2))
+        .sqrt();
+        assert!((d - 10.0).abs() < 1e-4, "Abstand == dist");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn presets_setzen_projektionsart() {
+        use super::math::preset_camera;
+        use super::types::{CameraPreset, Projection};
+        let t = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        assert_eq!(
+            preset_camera(CameraPreset::Top, t, 10.0).projection,
+            Projection::Orthographic
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            preset_camera(CameraPreset::Front, t, 10.0).projection,
+            Projection::Orthographic
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            preset_camera(CameraPreset::Side, t, 10.0).projection,
+            Projection::Orthographic
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            preset_camera(CameraPreset::Iso, t, 10.0).projection,
+            Projection::Perspective
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            preset_camera(CameraPreset::Persp, t, 10.0).projection,
+            Projection::Perspective
+        );
+        // Top blickt von oben herab: eye.y > target.y.
+        let top = preset_camera(CameraPreset::Top, t, 10.0);
+        assert!(top.eye[1] > t[1], "Top-Kamera ueber dem Ziel");
+    }
+
+    /// Validiert die WGSL-Quelle headless ueber naga (Parser + Validator) — faengt
+    /// Syntax-/Typfehler ohne GPU/Display ab. Nur mit Feature "render", weil naga
+    /// sonst nicht mitgebaut wird (Muster: render2d).
+    #[cfg(feature = "render")]
+    #[test]
+    fn wgsl_quelle_ist_valide() {
+        use naga::valid::{Capabilities, ValidationFlags, Validator};
+        let src = super::shaders::MESH_WGSL;
+        let module = naga::front::wgsl::parse_str(src)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("mesh: WGSL-Parse-Fehler: {e:?}"));
+        let mut validator = Validator::new(ValidationFlags::all(), Capabilities::all());
+        validator
+            .validate(&module)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("mesh: WGSL-Validierung fehlgeschlagen: {e:?}"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/math.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/math.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0451415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/math.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// 4x4-Matrix-Mathematik + Kamera (View/Projektion + Orbit). Handgerechnet,
+// spalten-major (WebGL/wgpu-Konvention: `m[col*4 + row]`), damit die Matrizen
+// ohne Umsortieren direkt als Uniform hochladbar sind.
+//
+// WARUM handgerechnet statt `glam`:
+//  - Die serde-only Standard-Schicht (`default`-Feature) soll — wie in render2d —
+//    ohne zusaetzliche Crates headless test- und baubar bleiben. `glam` waere eine
+//    weitere Abhaengigkeit in genau der Schicht, die schlank bleiben muss.
+//  - Der benoetigte Umfang ist klein (perspective/ortho/look_at + Orbit) und exakt
+//    testbar. Ein spaeterer Wechsel zu `glam` (nur in der GPU-Schicht) bleibt
+//    moeglich, ohne die Tests der Mesh-/Kamera-Logik anzufassen.
+//
+// WICHTIG (Clip-Z-Konvention): wgpu/WebGPU erwartet Tiefe in [0, 1] (NICHT [-1, 1]
+// wie OpenGL). Die Projektionen hier bilden daher auf den [0, 1]-Bereich ab.
+
+use crate::types::{Camera, CameraPreset, Projection};
+
+/// 4x4-Matrix, spalten-major (`m[col*4 + row]`).
+pub type Mat4 = [f32; 16];
+
+/// Einheitsmatrix.
+pub fn identity() -> Mat4 {
+    let mut m = [0.0f32; 16];
+    m[0] = 1.0;
+    m[5] = 1.0;
+    m[10] = 1.0;
+    m[15] = 1.0;
+    m
+}
+
+/// Matrix-Produkt `a * b` (spalten-major). Ergebnis wirkt als `(a*b) * v`.
+pub fn mul(a: &Mat4, b: &Mat4) -> Mat4 {
+    let mut m = [0.0f32; 16];
+    for col in 0..4 {
+        for row in 0..4 {
+            let mut sum = 0.0f32;
+            for k in 0..4 {
+                // a[k-te Spalte][row] * b[col-te Spalte][k]
+                sum += a[k * 4 + row] * b[col * 4 + k];
+            }
+            m[col * 4 + row] = sum;
+        }
+    }
+    m
+}
+
+/// Wendet die Matrix auf einen Punkt (w=1) an und liefert die kartesische xyz
+/// (nach Division durch w). Fuer Tests / Punkt-Projektion.
+pub fn transform_point(m: &Mat4, p: [f32; 3]) -> [f32; 4] {
+    [
+        m[0] * p[0] + m[4] * p[1] + m[8] * p[2] + m[12],
+        m[1] * p[0] + m[5] * p[1] + m[9] * p[2] + m[13],
+        m[2] * p[0] + m[6] * p[1] + m[10] * p[2] + m[14],
+        m[3] * p[0] + m[7] * p[1] + m[11] * p[2] + m[15],
+    ]
+}
+
+// --- Vektor-Helfer (3D) ------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn sub(a: [f32; 3], b: [f32; 3]) -> [f32; 3] {
+    [a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1], a[2] - b[2]]
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn dot(a: [f32; 3], b: [f32; 3]) -> f32 {
+    a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2]
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn cross(a: [f32; 3], b: [f32; 3]) -> [f32; 3] {
+    [
+        a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1],
+        a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2],
+        a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0],
+    ]
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn length(a: [f32; 3]) -> f32 {
+    dot(a, a).sqrt()
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn normalize(a: [f32; 3]) -> [f32; 3] {
+    let l = length(a);
+    if l > 1e-9 {
+        [a[0] / l, a[1] / l, a[2] / l]
+    } else {
+        [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+    }
+}
+
+/// Right-handed `look_at`-View-Matrix (Kamera blickt von `eye` auf `center`,
+/// mit `up`). Spalten-major, Konvention wie three.js/gluLookAt: die Kamera
+/// schaut entlang -Z im View-Raum.
+pub fn look_at(eye: [f32; 3], center: [f32; 3], up: [f32; 3]) -> Mat4 {
+    // f = Blickrichtung (vorwaerts), s = rechts, u = echtes Up.
+    let f = normalize(sub(center, eye));
+    let s = normalize(cross(f, up));
+    let u = cross(s, f);
+
+    let mut m = identity();
+    // Rotationsanteil (Zeilen = s, u, -f).
+    m[0] = s[0];
+    m[4] = s[1];
+    m[8] = s[2];
+    m[1] = u[0];
+    m[5] = u[1];
+    m[9] = u[2];
+    m[2] = -f[0];
+    m[6] = -f[1];
+    m[10] = -f[2];
+    // Translationsanteil.
+    m[12] = -dot(s, eye);
+    m[13] = -dot(u, eye);
+    m[14] = dot(f, eye);
+    m
+}
+
+/// Perspektivische Projektion (right-handed), Clip-Z in [0, 1] (wgpu-Konvention).
+/// `fov_y` in Radiant, `aspect` = Breite/Hoehe.
+pub fn perspective(fov_y: f32, aspect: f32, near: f32, far: f32) -> Mat4 {
+    let f = 1.0 / (fov_y * 0.5).tan();
+    let mut m = [0.0f32; 16];
+    m[0] = f / aspect;
+    m[5] = f;
+    // Tiefen-Abbildung auf [0,1] (zNear -> 0, zFar -> 1).
+    m[10] = far / (near - far);
+    m[11] = -1.0;
+    m[14] = (near * far) / (near - far);
+    m
+}
+
+/// Orthografische Projektion (right-handed), Clip-Z in [0, 1] (wgpu-Konvention).
+/// Symmetrisches Volumen [-h*aspect, h*aspect] x [-h, h], h = `half_height`.
+pub fn orthographic(half_height: f32, aspect: f32, near: f32, far: f32) -> Mat4 {
+    let right = half_height * aspect;
+    let top = half_height;
+    let mut m = identity();
+    m[0] = 1.0 / right;
+    m[5] = 1.0 / top;
+    // z: [near, far] -> [0, 1] (near -> 0).
+    m[10] = 1.0 / (near - far);
+    m[14] = near / (near - far);
+    m
+}
+
+/// Projektionsmatrix aus einer `Camera` + Seitenverhaeltnis (Breite/Hoehe).
+pub fn projection_matrix(cam: &Camera, aspect: f32) -> Mat4 {
+    match cam.projection {
+        Projection::Perspective => perspective(cam.fov_y, aspect, cam.near, cam.far),
+        Projection::Orthographic => {
+            orthographic(cam.ortho_half_height, aspect, cam.near, cam.far)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// View-Matrix aus einer `Camera`.
+pub fn view_matrix(cam: &Camera) -> Mat4 {
+    look_at(cam.eye, cam.target, cam.up)
+}
+
+/// Kombinierte View-Projektions-Matrix (`proj * view`), fertig fuer das Uniform.
+pub fn view_projection(cam: &Camera, aspect: f32) -> Mat4 {
+    let v = view_matrix(cam);
+    let p = projection_matrix(cam, aspect);
+    mul(&p, &v)
+}
+
+/// Orbit-Kamera: berechnet die Augen-Position aus Ziel + Kugel-Koordinaten.
+///  - `yaw`   : Drehung um die Y-Achse (Azimut), Radiant.
+///  - `pitch` : Erhebung ueber die XZ-Ebene, Radiant (geklemmt, siehe unten).
+///  - `dist`  : Abstand vom Ziel.
+/// Y-up: Hoehe = dist*sin(pitch); horizontaler Radius = dist*cos(pitch).
+pub fn orbit_eye(target: [f32; 3], yaw: f32, pitch: f32, dist: f32) -> [f32; 3] {
+    // Pitch klemmen, damit die Kamera nicht ueber den Pol kippt (Gimbal-Flip).
+    let limit = std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2 - 0.01;
+    let p = pitch.clamp(-limit, limit);
+    let r = dist * p.cos();
+    [
+        target[0] + r * yaw.cos(),
+        target[1] + dist * p.sin(),
+        target[2] + r * yaw.sin(),
+    ]
+}
+
+/// Baut eine `Camera` fuer eines der fuenf Presets der three.js-Sicht. `target`
+/// ist das Blickziel (Modell-Mitte), `dist` der Abstand. Front/Top/Side sind
+/// orthografisch achsparallel; Iso/Persp sind perspektivisch.
+pub fn preset_camera(preset: CameraPreset, target: [f32; 3], dist: f32) -> Camera {
+    let mut cam = Camera {
+        target,
+        ..Camera::default()
+    };
+    match preset {
+        // Blick entlang -Z (von vorne), orthografisch.
+        CameraPreset::Front => {
+            cam.projection = Projection::Orthographic;
+            cam.eye = [target[0], target[1], target[2] + dist];
+            cam.up = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
+            cam.ortho_half_height = dist * 0.5;
+        }
+        // Blick von oben entlang -Y (Grundriss), orthografisch. Up = -Z, damit
+        // Modell-Y (world +Z) im Bild nach unten zeigt (wie die 2D-Plan-Sicht).
+        CameraPreset::Top => {
+            cam.projection = Projection::Orthographic;
+            cam.eye = [target[0], target[1] + dist, target[2]];
+            cam.up = [0.0, 0.0, -1.0];
+            cam.ortho_half_height = dist * 0.5;
+        }
+        // Blick entlang -X (von der Seite), orthografisch.
+        CameraPreset::Side => {
+            cam.projection = Projection::Orthographic;
+            cam.eye = [target[0] + dist, target[1], target[2]];
+            cam.up = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
+            cam.ortho_half_height = dist * 0.5;
+        }
+        // Isometrischer Ueberblick (perspektivisch, Blick von schraeg oben).
+        CameraPreset::Iso => {
+            cam.projection = Projection::Perspective;
+            let d = dist / 3.0_f32.sqrt();
+            cam.eye = [target[0] + d, target[1] + d, target[2] + d];
+            cam.up = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
+        }
+        // Freie perspektivische Standard-Ansicht (leicht von vorn-oben-rechts).
+        CameraPreset::Persp => {
+            cam.projection = Projection::Perspective;
+            cam.eye = orbit_eye(
+                target,
+                std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_4,
+                0.5,
+                dist,
+            );
+            cam.up = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
+        }
+    }
+    cam
+}
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/mesh.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/mesh.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cfc93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/mesh.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Mesh-Erzeugung: extrudiert geflachte Waende zu Quader-Meshes. GPU-frei, headless
+// per `cargo test` pruefbar (Muster: render2d/tessellate).
+//
+// Grundlage ist der Wandband-Ansatz aus src/model/geometry.ts (`wallCorners`):
+//   u = normalize(end - start)          Achsenrichtung im Grundriss
+//   n = leftNormal(u) = (-u.y, u.x)      Links-Normale (90 Grad CCW)
+//   Band-Ecken = start/end +/- n * thickness/2   (CCW-Umlauf)
+// Diese 2D-Band-Ecken werden nach world abgebildet (XZ-Ebene) und entlang +Y von
+// `base_elevation` bis `base_elevation + height` extrudiert — analog zur
+// three.js-`ExtrudeGeometry`, die den 2D-`clippedBand` hochzieht (Viewport3D.tsx
+// `addLayerPrism`). M1 nimmt die stumpfe (rechtwinklige) Band-Form; Gehrungen
+// (`computeJoins`/`clippedBand`) und Oeffnungen kommen in spaeteren Milestones.
+//
+// KOORDINATEN: model [x, y] -> world (x, elevation, y). Also Grundriss in der
+// XZ-Ebene, Extrusion entlang +Y (Y-up), exakt wie Viewport3D.tsx:
+//   "Modell (x,y,z) -> Three (x, z, y)  (Z = Hoehe nach oben)".
+
+use crate::types::{Mesh, Point2, Rgb, WallInput, FLOATS_PER_VERTEX};
+
+/// Ein Quader-Mesh besteht aus 6 Seiten (Boden, Deckel, 4 Waende) zu je 2
+/// Dreiecken = 12 Dreiecke, mit flachen Normalen also 24 Vertices (je Seite 4,
+/// keine geteilten Normalen). Konstanten dokumentieren die Test-Erwartung.
+pub const VERTS_PER_BOX: usize = 24;
+pub const INDICES_PER_BOX: usize = 36;
+
+/// 2D-Einheits-Links-Normale zur Richtung (end - start), wie `leftNormal` im Web:
+/// n = (-u.y, u.x). Liefert (0,0) bei Nulllaenge.
+fn left_normal(start: Point2, end: Point2) -> Point2 {
+    let dx = end[0] - start[0];
+    let dy = end[1] - start[1];
+    let len = (dx * dx + dy * dy).sqrt();
+    if len < 1e-9 {
+        return [0.0, 0.0];
+    }
+    [-dy / len, dx / len]
+}
+
+/// Extrudiert EINE Wand zu einem Quader-Mesh und haengt sie an `mesh` an.
+///
+/// Aufbau: die vier Grundriss-Ecken des Bandes (CCW) bilden das Deckel-Rechteck.
+/// Boden = gleiche XZ auf `y0`, Deckel = auf `y1`. Jede der sechs Seiten bekommt
+/// eigene Vertices mit ihrer (nach aussen zeigenden) Flaechen-Normale — daher
+/// flaches Shading und korrektes Backface-Culling.
+pub fn extrude_wall(mesh: &mut Mesh, wall: &WallInput) {
+    let n = left_normal(wall.start, wall.end);
+    // Degenerierte Wand (Start == Ende) ueberspringen.
+    if n == [0.0, 0.0] {
+        return;
+    }
+    let h = wall.thickness * 0.5;
+
+    // Vier Band-Ecken im Grundriss (CCW, wie `wallCorners(start,end,thickness)`):
+    //  p0 = start + n*h,  p1 = end + n*h,  p2 = end - n*h,  p3 = start - n*h.
+    let off = |p: Point2, s: f32| -> Point2 { [p[0] + n[0] * s * h, p[1] + n[1] * s * h] };
+    let g0 = off(wall.start, 1.0);
+    let g1 = off(wall.end, 1.0);
+    let g2 = off(wall.end, -1.0);
+    let g3 = off(wall.start, -1.0);
+
+    let y0 = wall.base_elevation;
+    let y1 = wall.base_elevation + wall.height;
+    let color = wall.color;
+
+    // world-Position aus Grundriss-XZ + Hoehe: (x, y, z=grundriss.y).
+    let w = |g: Point2, y: f32| -> [f32; 3] { [g[0], y, g[1]] };
+
+    // Acht Quader-Ecken (b* = Boden auf y0, t* = Deckel auf y1).
+    let b0 = w(g0, y0);
+    let b1 = w(g1, y0);
+    let b2 = w(g2, y0);
+    let b3 = w(g3, y0);
+    let t0 = w(g0, y1);
+    let t1 = w(g1, y1);
+    let t2 = w(g2, y1);
+    let t3 = w(g3, y1);
+
+    // Sechs Seiten als Quads (Ecken CCW von aussen gesehen -> Normale zeigt raus).
+    // Deckel oben (+Y): t0,t1,t2,t3 von oben CCW.
+    push_quad(mesh, t0, t1, t2, t3, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], color);
+    // Boden unten (-Y): b0,b3,b2,b1 (von unten gesehen CCW).
+    push_quad(mesh, b0, b3, b2, b1, [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], color);
+
+    // Vier Mantelflaechen. Aussen-Normalen aus dem Grundriss:
+    //  Kante g0->g1 liegt auf der +n-Seite  -> Normale +n.
+    //  Kante g2->g3 liegt auf der -n-Seite  -> Normale -n.
+    //  Kappen an Start (g3->g0) und Ende (g1->g2) liegen an den Achsen-Enden.
+    let np = [n[0], 0.0, n[1]]; // +n-Seite (world)
+    let nn = [-n[0], 0.0, -n[1]]; // -n-Seite
+    // Achsenrichtung (fuer die End-Kappen-Normalen).
+    let ux = wall.end[0] - wall.start[0];
+    let uz = wall.end[1] - wall.start[1];
+    let ul = (ux * ux + uz * uz).sqrt().max(1e-9);
+    let u = [ux / ul, 0.0, uz / ul];
+    let neg_u = [-u[0], 0.0, -u[2]];
+
+    // +n-Wand: aussen betrachtet CCW = b0, b1, t1, t0.
+    push_quad(mesh, b0, b1, t1, t0, np, color);
+    // -n-Wand: aussen betrachtet CCW = b2, b3, t3, t2.
+    push_quad(mesh, b2, b3, t3, t2, nn, color);
+    // End-Kappe (Achsen-Ende, Normale +u): b1, b2, t2, t1.
+    push_quad(mesh, b1, b2, t2, t1, u, color);
+    // Start-Kappe (Achsen-Anfang, Normale -u): b3, b0, t0, t3.
+    push_quad(mesh, b3, b0, t0, t3, neg_u, color);
+}
+
+/// Haengt ein Quad (vier Ecken in CCW von aussen) als zwei Dreiecke an, mit fester
+/// Flaechen-Normale und Farbe je Vertex. Reihenfolge (0,1,2) + (0,2,3).
+fn push_quad(
+    mesh: &mut Mesh,
+    a: [f32; 3],
+    b: [f32; 3],
+    c: [f32; 3],
+    d: [f32; 3],
+    normal: [f32; 3],
+    color: Rgb,
+) {
+    let base = (mesh.verts.len() / FLOATS_PER_VERTEX) as u32;
+    for p in [a, b, c, d] {
+        mesh.verts.extend_from_slice(&[
+            p[0], p[1], p[2], normal[0], normal[1], normal[2], color[0], color[1], color[2],
+        ]);
+    }
+    mesh.indices
+        .extend_from_slice(&[base, base + 1, base + 2, base, base + 2, base + 3]);
+}
+
+/// Baut ein einzelnes Mesh aus mehreren Waenden (alle in EINEN Puffer). Die
+/// Reihenfolge der Vertices ist deterministisch (je Wand ein Quader), damit die
+/// Tests stabile Zaehlungen erwarten koennen.
+pub fn build_walls_mesh(walls: &[WallInput]) -> Mesh {
+    let mut mesh = Mesh::default();
+    for w in walls {
+        extrude_wall(&mut mesh, w);
+    }
+    mesh
+}
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/shaders.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/shaders.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0367cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/shaders.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// WGSL-Shader des nativen 3D-Renderers. Als Konstante hier, damit die Quelle auch
+// ohne aktives GPU-Feature (headless) im Repo pruefbar bleibt (naga-Test, Muster:
+// render2d/shaders).
+//
+// Beleuchtung: EIN Directional-Light (Sonne) + ambienter Grundterm — das Pendant
+// zur three.js-Sicht (AmbientLight 0.6 + DirectionalLight 1.1 bei (6,12,4), siehe
+// Viewport3D.tsx). PBR (Rauheit/Metallik/Texturen) folgt in spaeteren Milestones.
+//
+// Uniform-Layout (group(0) binding(0)):
+//   view_proj  : mat4x4<f32>  world -> Clip (proj * view)
+//   light_dir  : vec4<f32>    Richtung ZUM Licht (world, xyz; w ungenutzt)
+//   ambient    : vec4<f32>    ambienter Grundfaktor (rgb; a ungenutzt)
+//
+// Vertex-Attribute: position (world), normal (world), color (Albedo).
+
+/// Der einzige Shader (Vertex + Fragment). Diffuse Lambert-Beleuchtung mit einem
+/// Directional-Light plus ambientem Sockel — GPU-Aequivalent des three.js-Setups.
+pub const MESH_WGSL: &str = r#"
+struct Globals {
+    view_proj  : mat4x4<f32>,
+    light_dir  : vec4<f32>,
+    ambient    : vec4<f32>,
+};
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> globals : Globals;
+
+struct VsIn {
+    @location(0) position : vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) normal   : vec3<f32>,
+    @location(2) color    : vec3<f32>,
+};
+
+struct VsOut {
+    @builtin(position) clip_pos : vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0) world_normal : vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) color        : vec3<f32>,
+};
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(in : VsIn) -> VsOut {
+    var out : VsOut;
+    out.clip_pos = globals.view_proj * vec4<f32>(in.position, 1.0);
+    out.world_normal = in.normal;
+    out.color = in.color;
+    return out;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(in : VsOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let n = normalize(in.world_normal);
+    let l = normalize(globals.light_dir.xyz);
+    // Lambert-Diffusanteil; Rueckseiten (n.l < 0) tragen nichts bei.
+    let diffuse = max(dot(n, l), 0.0);
+    // Ambienter Sockel (Albedo * ambient) + gerichteter Anteil (Albedo * diffuse).
+    let shaded = in.color * globals.ambient.rgb + in.color * diffuse;
+    return vec4<f32>(shaded, 1.0);
+}
+"#;
diff --git a/src-tauri/render3d/src/types.rs b/src-tauri/render3d/src/types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbd682b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src-tauri/render3d/src/types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Eingabe- und Ausgabe-Typen des nativen 3D-Renderers. Die Eingabe ist eine
+// geflachte Beschreibung der Modellsicht (Waende), wie sie aus dem Web-Modell
+// (`src/model/wall.ts`) heruebergereicht wird — reduziert auf das, was die
+// Extrusion braucht: Achse (Start/Ende), Dicke, Hoehe, Basis-Hoehe.
+//
+// Die Typen sind serde-only und bewusst frei von GPU-Abhaengigkeiten, damit die
+// Mesh-Erzeugung eigenstaendig (headless) getestet werden kann (Muster: render2d).
+//
+// KOORDINATEN-KONVENTION (identisch zur three.js-Sicht in src/viewport/Viewport3D.tsx):
+//   Modell ist 2D in Metern (x nach rechts, y nach "oben" im Grundriss).
+//   In der 3D-Welt gilt Y-up:  world.x = model.x,  world.z = model.y,  world.y = Hoehe.
+//   D.h. der Grundriss liegt in der XZ-Ebene, die Extrusion laeuft entlang +Y.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Ein 2D-Punkt in MODELL-Metern (Grundriss). Wird bei der Extrusion nach
+/// world (XZ-Ebene) abgebildet: `[x, y] -> world (x, elevation, y)`.
+pub type Point2 = [f32; 2];
+
+/// RGB-Farbe/Albedo, Komponenten in [0,1]. Alpha wird (noch) nicht gebraucht.
+pub type Rgb = [f32; 3];
+
+/// Eine geflachte Wand: Achse (Mittellinie) Start->Ende im Grundriss, plus Dicke,
+/// Hoehe und Basis-Hoehe. Aus diesen Feldern wird ein extrudiertes Quader-Mesh
+/// erzeugt (Band aus Achse+Dicke, hochgezogen auf `height` ab `base_elevation`).
+///
+/// Vereinfachung des Web-`Wall` (siehe src/model/wall.ts): Ecken-Verschneidung
+/// (`computeJoins`/`wallCorners`) und Oeffnungen kommen in spaeteren Milestones;
+/// M1 extrudiert jede Wand als eigenstaendigen, an den Enden stumpf abgeschlossenen
+/// Quader.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct WallInput {
+    /// Achsen-Startpunkt im Grundriss (Modell-Meter).
+    pub start: Point2,
+    /// Achsen-Endpunkt im Grundriss (Modell-Meter).
+    pub end: Point2,
+    /// Wanddicke in Metern (das Band wird um `thickness/2` je Seite versetzt).
+    pub thickness: f32,
+    /// Wandhoehe in Metern (Extrusion entlang +Y).
+    pub height: f32,
+    /// Basis-Hoehe (Unterkante) in Metern. Default 0 (Geschossboden).
+    #[serde(default, rename = "baseElevation")]
+    pub base_elevation: f32,
+    /// Albedo-Farbe der Wand (RGB 0..1). Default helles Grau wie die three.js-Sicht.
+    #[serde(default = "default_wall_color")]
+    pub color: Rgb,
+}
+
+fn default_wall_color() -> Rgb {
+    [0.82, 0.80, 0.76]
+}
+
+/// Projektionsart der Kamera. Die three.js-Sicht schaltet zwischen perspektivisch
+/// (freies Orbit) und orthografisch (die achsparallelen Presets front/top/side um).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum Projection {
+    Perspective,
+    Orthographic,
+}
+
+impl Default for Projection {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Projection::Perspective
+    }
+}
+
+/// Kamera-Parameter (Blickrichtung + Projektion). `eye`/`target`/`up` in world.
+/// Fuer die Orbit-Kamera werden `eye`/`target` aus Orbit-Winkeln+Distanz berechnet
+/// (siehe `math::orbit_eye`), koennen hier aber auch direkt gesetzt werden.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Camera {
+    /// Kamera-Position (world).
+    pub eye: [f32; 3],
+    /// Blickziel (world).
+    pub target: [f32; 3],
+    /// Up-Vektor (world). Fuer Y-up: [0,1,0].
+    pub up: [f32; 3],
+    /// Projektionsart.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub projection: Projection,
+    /// Vertikaler Oeffnungswinkel in Radiant (nur perspektivisch).
+    #[serde(default = "default_fov")]
+    pub fov_y: f32,
+    /// Halbe Hoehe des Sichtvolumens in world-Metern (nur orthografisch).
+    #[serde(default = "default_ortho_half_height")]
+    pub ortho_half_height: f32,
+    /// Nah-/Fern-Ebene.
+    #[serde(default = "default_near")]
+    pub near: f32,
+    #[serde(default = "default_far")]
+    pub far: f32,
+}
+
+fn default_fov() -> f32 {
+    // 50 Grad, wie die three.js-PerspectiveCamera-Voreinstellung.
+    50.0_f32.to_radians()
+}
+fn default_ortho_half_height() -> f32 {
+    6.0
+}
+fn default_near() -> f32 {
+    0.05
+}
+fn default_far() -> f32 {
+    1000.0
+}
+
+impl Default for Camera {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            eye: [8.0, 8.0, 8.0],
+            target: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            up: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            projection: Projection::Perspective,
+            fov_y: default_fov(),
+            ortho_half_height: default_ortho_half_height(),
+            near: default_near(),
+            far: default_far(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Die fuenf Kamera-Presets der three.js-Sicht. `Iso` und `Persp` sind
+/// perspektivisch/frei; `Front`/`Top`/`Side` sind achsparallel (orthografisch).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum CameraPreset {
+    Front,
+    Top,
+    Side,
+    Iso,
+    Persp,
+}
+
+/// Ausgabe der Mesh-Erzeugung: interleaved [pos.xyz, normal.xyz, color.rgb] je
+/// Vertex plus Indexpuffer. Bewusst GPU-frei (nur Vecs); die GPU-Schicht laedt
+/// diese direkt in Vertex-/Index-Buffer hoch.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Mesh {
+    /// Interleaved Vertices: je 9 f32 = [px,py,pz, nx,ny,nz, r,g,b].
+    pub verts: Vec<f32>,
+    /// Dreiecks-Indizes (0-basiert auf die Vertices).
+    pub indices: Vec<u32>,
+}
+
+/// Anzahl f32 je Vertex im interleaved Puffer: 3 Position + 3 Normale + 3 Farbe.
+pub const FLOATS_PER_VERTEX: usize = 9;
+
+impl Mesh {
+    /// Anzahl Vertices im Puffer.
+    pub fn vertex_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.verts.len() / FLOATS_PER_VERTEX
+    }
+
+    /// Anzahl Dreiecke.
+    pub fn triangle_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.indices.len() / 3
+    }
+
+    /// Achsparallele Bounding-Box ueber alle Positionen: (min.xyz, max.xyz).
+    /// Fuer leere Meshes: beide Ecken im Ursprung.
+    pub fn bounds(&self) -> ([f32; 3], [f32; 3]) {
+        if self.verts.is_empty() {
+            return ([0.0; 3], [0.0; 3]);
+        }
+        let mut min = [f32::INFINITY; 3];
+        let mut max = [f32::NEG_INFINITY; 3];
+        let n = self.vertex_count();
+        for i in 0..n {
+            let base = i * FLOATS_PER_VERTEX;
+            for k in 0..3 {
+                let v = self.verts[base + k];
+                if v < min[k] {
+                    min[k] = v;
+                }
+                if v > max[k] {
+                    max[k] = v;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        (min, max)
+    }
+}