#! python 3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
swisstopo.py
STAC-API-Client + GeoTIFF/XYZ-Parser + Mesh-Builder fuer swisstopo-Daten.
Alle APIs sind offen + ohne Auth, ohne Key.

Collections die wir nutzen:
  - ch.swisstopo.swissbuildings3d_3 : 3D-Gebaeudemodelle (DWG/OBJ/DAE/IFC)
  - ch.swisstopo.swissalti3d         : Hoehenmodell DTM (GeoTIFF/XYZ)
  - ch.swisstopo.swissimage-dop10    : Orthofoto 10 cm (GeoTIFF, RGB)
"""
import os
import re
import json
import zipfile
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import Rhino
import Rhino.Geometry as rg

CACHE_DIR = os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/Dossier/swisstopo")
STAC_BASE = "https://data.geo.admin.ch/api/stac/v1"
SEARCH_API = "https://api3.geo.admin.ch/rest/services/api/SearchServer"


def _ensure_cache():
    if not os.path.isdir(CACHE_DIR):
        try: os.makedirs(CACHE_DIR)
        except Exception as ex: print("[SWISSTOPO] cache mkdir:", ex)


def _http_get_json(url, timeout=30):
    """HTTP GET + JSON-decode. Wirft bei Fehler."""
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"Accept": "application/json"})
    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout) as resp:
        return json.loads(resp.read().decode("utf-8"))


_MAX_SAFE_DOWNLOAD_MB = 200   # ueber diesem Wert: Download skippen + Warn


def _yield_ui():
    """Gibt der UI eine Chance zu repainten waehrend einer langen Operation.
    Ohne diesen Aufruf friert die WebView ein bis _run_import fertig ist."""
    try: Rhino.RhinoApp.Wait()
    except Exception: pass


def _http_download(url, dest_path, timeout=120, progress=None, status=None):
    """Download URL → dest_path. Skippt wenn Datei schon im Cache existiert
    (gleicher Name, > 0 Bytes). Liefert True bei Erfolg. Bricht ab wenn
    Content-Length > _MAX_SAFE_DOWNLOAD_MB (Schutz vor versehentlichen
    Mega-Downloads wie der gesamt-CH-GDB).
    progress: optional callable(bytes_done, bytes_total).
    status:   optional callable(msg) fuer Log-Updates."""
    if os.path.isfile(dest_path) and os.path.getsize(dest_path) > 0:
        if status: status("Cache: {} ({:.1f} MB)".format(
            os.path.basename(dest_path), os.path.getsize(dest_path) / 1e6))
        return True
    try:
        req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": "Dossier/0.6"})
        with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout) as resp:
            total = int(resp.headers.get("Content-Length") or -1)
            if total > 0:
                size_mb = total / 1e6
                if status: status("Download {:.1f} MB...".format(size_mb))
                if size_mb > _MAX_SAFE_DOWNLOAD_MB:
                    if status: status("→ Abgebrochen: > {} MB (vermutlich kein "
                                       "Per-Tile-Asset)".format(_MAX_SAFE_DOWNLOAD_MB))
                    return False
            done = 0
            last_log_mb = 0
            with open(dest_path + ".part", "wb") as f:
                while True:
                    chunk = resp.read(65536)
                    if not chunk: break
                    f.write(chunk)
                    done += len(chunk)
                    if progress:
                        try: progress(done, total)
                        except Exception: pass
                    # Alle 2 MB einen Status + UI-Yield
                    mb_done = done // (2 * 1024 * 1024)
                    if status and mb_done > last_log_mb:
                        last_log_mb = mb_done
                        if total > 0:
                            pct = 100.0 * done / total
                            status("  {:.0f}% ({:.1f}/{:.1f} MB)".format(
                                pct, done/1e6, total/1e6))
                        else:
                            status("  {:.1f} MB...".format(done/1e6))
                        _yield_ui()
        os.rename(dest_path + ".part", dest_path)
        return True
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] download {}: {}".format(url, ex))
        try:
            if os.path.isfile(dest_path + ".part"): os.remove(dest_path + ".part")
        except Exception: pass
        return False


# --- Koordinaten-Transformationen ------------------------------------------
# Schweizer Koordinaten (LV95 = EPSG:2056) zu/von WGS84.
# Approximations-Formeln aus dem swisstopo-Dokument
# "Naeherungsloesungen fuer die direkte Transformation CH1903<->WGS84".
# Genau auf ca. 1m im gesamten Schweizer Gebiet — fuer unsere Zwecke ueppig.

def lv95_to_wgs84(e, n):
    """LV95 (E, N) -> WGS84 (lon, lat)."""
    e_n = (e - 2600000) / 1_000_000.0
    n_n = (n - 1200000) / 1_000_000.0
    lon_p = (2.6779094
             + 4.728982 * e_n
             + 0.791484 * e_n * n_n
             + 0.1306   * e_n * n_n * n_n
             - 0.0436   * e_n * e_n * e_n)
    lat_p = (16.9023892
             + 3.238272 * n_n
             - 0.270978 * e_n * e_n
             - 0.002528 * n_n * n_n
             - 0.0447   * e_n * e_n * n_n
             - 0.0140   * n_n * n_n * n_n)
    lon = lon_p * 100 / 36
    lat = lat_p * 100 / 36
    return (lon, lat)


def wgs84_to_lv95(lon, lat):
    """WGS84 (lon, lat) -> LV95 (E, N)."""
    lon_p = (lon * 3600 - 26782.5) / 10000.0
    lat_p = (lat * 3600 - 169028.66) / 10000.0
    e = (2600072.37
         + 211455.93 * lon_p
         - 10938.51 * lon_p * lat_p
         - 0.36     * lon_p * lat_p * lat_p
         - 44.54    * lon_p * lon_p * lon_p)
    n = (1200147.07
         + 308807.95 * lat_p
         + 3745.25   * lon_p * lon_p
         + 76.63     * lat_p * lat_p
         - 194.56    * lon_p * lon_p * lat_p
         + 119.79    * lat_p * lat_p * lat_p)
    return (e, n)


def lv95_bbox_to_wgs84_bbox(e_min, n_min, e_max, n_max):
    """4 Ecken transformieren + min/max in WGS84 zurueck."""
    corners = [
        lv95_to_wgs84(e_min, n_min),
        lv95_to_wgs84(e_max, n_min),
        lv95_to_wgs84(e_max, n_max),
        lv95_to_wgs84(e_min, n_max),
    ]
    lons = [c[0] for c in corners]
    lats = [c[1] for c in corners]
    return (min(lons), min(lats), max(lons), max(lats))


# --- Geocoding -------------------------------------------------------------

def geocode(text):
    """Sucht Adresse via swisstopo Search-API. Liefert dict mit:
      {label, e, n, lon, lat, origin}  oder None.
    """
    if not text or not text.strip():
        return None
    try:
        params = {
            "searchText":  text.strip(),
            "type":        "locations",
            "origins":     "address,gg25,gazetteer,parcel",
            "sr":          "2056",   # LV95-Koords im Response
            "limit":       "1",
        }
        url = SEARCH_API + "?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
        data = _http_get_json(url, timeout=15)
        results = data.get("results") or []
        if not results: return None
        attrs = results[0].get("attrs") or {}
        # Im LV95-Modus liefert die API y=East, x=North (Geo-Admin-Konvention).
        e = attrs.get("y")
        n = attrs.get("x")
        label = attrs.get("label") or attrs.get("detail") or text
        if e is None or n is None: return None
        e = float(e); n = float(n)
        lon, lat = lv95_to_wgs84(e, n)
        return {
            "label":  _strip_html(label),
            "e":      e,
            "n":      n,
            "lon":    lon,
            "lat":    lat,
            "origin": attrs.get("origin"),
        }
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] geocode '{}':".format(text), ex)
        return None


def _strip_html(s):
    """Search-API liefert Labels mit <b>-Tags fuer Highlighting."""
    try:
        import re
        return re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", "", s or "")
    except Exception:
        return s


# --- STAC-Queries ----------------------------------------------------------

def stac_query(collection_id, bbox_wgs84, asset_extensions=None, limit=100):
    """STAC-Items in einer WGS84-bbox. Liefert Liste von:
      {id, bbox_wgs84, assets: {key: {href, type, size?}}}
    asset_extensions: optional list von suffixen (z.B. ['.dwg', '.tif']) zum
    filtern. Default: alle Assets behalten.
    """
    if not bbox_wgs84 or len(bbox_wgs84) != 4: return []
    try:
        url = ("{base}/collections/{cid}/items"
               "?bbox={mn_lon},{mn_lat},{mx_lon},{mx_lat}"
               "&limit={lim}").format(
            base=STAC_BASE, cid=collection_id,
            mn_lon=bbox_wgs84[0], mn_lat=bbox_wgs84[1],
            mx_lon=bbox_wgs84[2], mx_lat=bbox_wgs84[3],
            lim=int(limit))
        data = _http_get_json(url, timeout=30)
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] STAC '{}': {}".format(collection_id, ex))
        return []
    out = []
    for feat in (data.get("features") or []):
        assets_raw = feat.get("assets") or {}
        assets = {}
        for k, v in assets_raw.items():
            href = v.get("href")
            if not href: continue
            if asset_extensions:
                low = href.lower()
                if not any(low.endswith(ext) for ext in asset_extensions): continue
            assets[k] = {
                "href":  href,
                "type":  v.get("type"),
                "size":  v.get("file:size"),
            }
        if not assets: continue
        out.append({
            "id":         feat.get("id"),
            "bbox_wgs84": feat.get("bbox"),
            "assets":     assets,
        })
    return out


# --- Download helpers ------------------------------------------------------

def download_asset(href, subdir="misc", progress=None, status=None):
    """Laedt asset, liefert lokalen Pfad oder None bei Fehler.
    status: optional callable(msg) fuer Live-Progress-Log."""
    _ensure_cache()
    sub = os.path.join(CACHE_DIR, subdir)
    if not os.path.isdir(sub):
        try: os.makedirs(sub)
        except Exception: pass
    fn = os.path.basename(urllib.parse.urlparse(href).path) or "asset"
    dest = os.path.join(sub, fn)
    if _http_download(href, dest, progress=progress, status=status):
        return dest
    return None


# --- Helpers: Tile-Dedupe + ZIP-Extract ------------------------------------

# Item-IDs haben verschiedene Year-Patterns:
#   swissalti3d:        "_YYYY_NNNN-NNNN"     (z.B. _2022_2664-1212)
#   swissbuildings3d_2: "_YYYY-MM_NNNN-NN"    (z.B. _2022-12_1150-23)
# Beide gleichzeitig matchen — Year-Sort dann via String-Compare (lex == chrono).
_TILE_PAT = re.compile(r"_(\d{4}(?:-\d{2})?)_(\d{3,4}-\d{2,4})")
# Filter fuer per-Tile Assets — die URL/Filename MUSS eine Tile-Coord-
# Markierung haben (z.B. `_1150-23_`). Bewahrt vor versehentlichem Download
# der gesamt-CH-Geodatabase (>1 GB).
_TILE_FILE_PAT = re.compile(r"_\d{3,4}-\d{2,4}[_.]")


def _dedupe_latest(items):
    """Bei Items mit gleicher Tile-Coord aber unterschiedlicher Year-Markierung:
    nur das neueste behalten (Year-String-Compare: '2022-12' > '2020-03' ✓)."""
    keep = {}
    for it in items:
        m = _TILE_PAT.search(it.get("id") or "")
        if not m:
            keep[it["id"]] = it
            continue
        year = m.group(1); tile = m.group(2)
        prev = keep.get(tile)
        if prev is None or year > prev["_year"]:
            it["_year"] = year
            keep[tile] = it
    return list(keep.values())


def _extract_zip_to_dir(zip_path, dest_dir):
    """Entpackt alle Files aus einem ZIP nach dest_dir. Liefert Liste der
    extrahierten Pfade."""
    if not os.path.isdir(dest_dir):
        try: os.makedirs(dest_dir)
        except Exception: pass
    paths = []
    try:
        with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, "r") as zf:
            for name in zf.namelist():
                if name.endswith("/"): continue   # Verzeichnis
                out = os.path.join(dest_dir, os.path.basename(name))
                if not os.path.isfile(out) or os.path.getsize(out) == 0:
                    with zf.open(name) as src, open(out, "wb") as dst:
                        dst.write(src.read())
                paths.append(out)
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] zip extract {}: {}".format(zip_path, ex))
    return paths


# --- Buildings: 3D-Gebaeude DWG --------------------------------------------

# swissBUILDINGS3D 3.0: liefert mehrere Formate (DXF/DWG/OBJ/IFC/3DTiles) und
# variant-Filter (solid/separated). In Staedten sind die 3.0-Tiles aber riesig
# (>700 MB), weil nicht 1km-strukturiert — dann fallen wir auf 2.0 zurueck
# (verlaesslich 1km-Tiles, ~50 MB).
_BUILDINGS_COLLECTION_V3 = "ch.swisstopo.swissbuildings3d_3_0"
_BUILDINGS_COLLECTION_V2 = "ch.swisstopo.swissbuildings3d_2"


def _fetch_buildings_from_collection(collection_id, bbox_wgs, variant,
                                      progress=None):
    """Holt Tile-CAD-Files aus EINER STAC-Collection. Liefert Liste Pfade
    oder [] wenn nichts brauchbar geladen werden konnte (z.B. alle ueber
    Size-Limit)."""
    if progress: progress("STAC-Query {} (variant={})...".format(
        collection_id, variant))
    items = stac_query(collection_id, bbox_wgs,
                       asset_extensions=[".dwg", ".dxf", ".obj", ".ifc",
                                          ".dwg.zip", ".dxf.zip",
                                          ".obj.zip", ".ifc.zip"])
    items = _dedupe_latest(items)
    if not items:
        if progress: progress("  Keine Tiles in der Region")
        return []
    variant_marker = "_{}_".format(variant.lower())
    items_v = [it for it in items
               if variant_marker in (it.get("id") or "").lower()
               or any(variant_marker in (a.get("href") or "").lower()
                      for a in it.get("assets", {}).values())]
    if items_v and len(items_v) < len(items):
        if progress: progress("  Item-Filter: {}/{} matchen variant '{}'".format(
            len(items_v), len(items), variant))
        items = items_v
    paths = []
    for i, item in enumerate(items):
        if progress: progress("Lade Tile {}/{}: {}".format(
            i+1, len(items), item["id"]))
        # Asset waehlen: nur Per-Tile-Files (Pattern `_NNNN-NN_`), bevorzugt
        # direkt-DXF/DWG, sonst ZIP. Filter eliminiert auch national-GDB.
        per_tile = [(k, a) for k, a in item["assets"].items()
                    if _TILE_FILE_PAT.search(a["href"])]
        if not per_tile:
            if progress: progress("→ kein Per-Tile-Asset, skip")
            continue
        # Varianten-Filter: `_solid_` vs `_separated_` im Filename. Default
        # ist 'separated'. Falls keine Asset mit dem Marker matcht (alte
        # Collection-Version o.ae.), fallen wir auf alle per-tile zurueck.
        variant_marker = "_{}_".format(variant.lower())
        per_tile_v = [(k, a) for k, a in per_tile
                      if variant_marker in a["href"].lower()]
        if per_tile_v:
            per_tile = per_tile_v
            if progress: progress("  → {} Asset(s) matchen variant '{}'".format(
                len(per_tile), variant))
        else:
            if progress:
                hrefs_short = ", ".join(os.path.basename(a["href"])
                    for _, a in per_tile[:3])
                progress("  → kein '{}' Marker, nehme erstes Asset (verfuegbar: {})".format(
                    variant, hrefs_short))
        # Priorisierung: DXF/DWG (am stabilsten in Rhino) > OBJ > IFC
        chosen = None
        for prio_ext in [(".dxf", ".dwg"), (".obj",), (".ifc",),
                          (".dxf.zip", ".dwg.zip"), (".obj.zip",), (".ifc.zip",)]:
            for k, a in per_tile:
                low = a["href"].lower()
                if low.endswith(prio_ext):
                    chosen = a["href"]; break
            if chosen is not None: break
        if chosen is None:
            chosen = per_tile[0][1]["href"]

        p = download_asset(chosen, subdir="buildings3d_dwg", status=progress)
        if not p: continue

        # ZIP-Wrapper aufloesen + Variant-Filter (ZIP kann beide DWGs enthalten)
        if p.lower().endswith(".zip"):
            extracted = _extract_zip_to_dir(
                p, os.path.join(CACHE_DIR, "buildings3d_dwg", "_unzipped"))
            cads_all = [e for e in extracted
                        if e.lower().endswith((".dwg", ".dxf", ".obj", ".ifc"))]
            cads_v = [e for e in cads_all
                      if variant_marker in os.path.basename(e).lower()]
            cads = cads_v if cads_v else cads_all
            if cads_v and len(cads_v) < len(cads_all):
                if progress: progress("  ZIP-Filter: {}/{} Files matchen '{}'".format(
                    len(cads_v), len(cads_all), variant))
            paths.extend(cads)
        else:
            paths.append(p)
    return paths


def fetch_buildings_dwg(bbox_lv95, progress=None, variant="separated"):
    """Holt swissBUILDINGS3D Tile-CAD-Files. Versucht erst v3.0 (separated/
    solid Varianten), faellt automatisch auf v2.0 zurueck wenn v3.0 in der
    Region keine brauchbaren Files liefert (typisch in Staedten — die 3.0-
    Tiles sind dort >700 MB pro Stueck und werden vom Size-Limit geblockt)."""
    bbox_wgs = lv95_bbox_to_wgs84_bbox(*bbox_lv95)
    paths = _fetch_buildings_from_collection(
        _BUILDINGS_COLLECTION_V3, bbox_wgs, variant, progress=progress)
    if not paths:
        if progress: progress("v3.0 lieferte keine Tiles — fallback auf v2.0 (1km-Tiles)...")
        # v2.0 hat keine variant-Marker im Filename, ist immer "separated"-
        # artig (Kategorien auf eigenen DXF-Layern innerhalb einer DWG).
        paths = _fetch_buildings_from_collection(
            _BUILDINGS_COLLECTION_V2, bbox_wgs, variant, progress=progress)
    if progress: progress("{} CAD-Datei(en) bereit".format(len(paths)))
    return paths


# --- Terrain: swissALTI3D via XYZ ASCII -------------------------------------

def fetch_terrain_xyz(bbox_lv95, resolution="2.0", progress=None):
    """Holt swissALTI3D-XYZ-Punktwolke. resolution: '0.5' oder '2.0' (m).
    Tiles kommen als .xyz.zip — wir packen lokal aus. Liefert Liste lokaler
    .xyz-Pfade (ausgepackt)."""
    bbox_wgs = lv95_bbox_to_wgs84_bbox(*bbox_lv95)
    if progress: progress("STAC-Query swissALTI3D...")
    items = stac_query("ch.swisstopo.swissalti3d",
                       bbox_wgs, asset_extensions=[".xyz.zip", ".xyz"])
    items = _dedupe_latest(items)
    if not items:
        if progress: progress("Keine ALTI-Tiles in der Region gefunden")
        return []
    target_tag = "_{}_".format(resolution)
    paths = []
    for i, item in enumerate(items):
        if progress: progress("Lade Terrain {}/{}: {}".format(
            i+1, len(items), item["id"]))
        # Asset mit gewuenschter Resolution suchen, sonst irgendeines
        chosen_href = None
        for k, a in item["assets"].items():
            if target_tag in a["href"]:
                chosen_href = a["href"]; break
        if chosen_href is None:
            chosen_href = next(iter(item["assets"].values()))["href"]
        p = download_asset(chosen_href, subdir="alti3d_xyz", status=progress)
        if not p: continue
        # ZIP-Wrapper aufloesen
        if p.lower().endswith(".zip"):
            extracted = _extract_zip_to_dir(
                p, os.path.join(CACHE_DIR, "alti3d_xyz", "_unzipped"))
            xyzs = [e for e in extracted if e.lower().endswith(".xyz")]
            paths.extend(xyzs)
        else:
            paths.append(p)
    if progress: progress("{} XYZ-Datei(en) bereit".format(len(paths)))
    return paths


def xyz_to_grid(path, target_step=2.0, clip_bbox=None, progress=None):
    """Parse swissALTI3D-XYZ-ASCII. Format: jede Zeile 'E N Z' (LV95).
    Liest binaer ein (XYZ-Header/Footer kann Sonderzeichen enthalten).

    target_step: gewuenschter Vertex-Abstand in Metern. Sub-Sampling laeuft
                 RAEUMLICH (jeder N-te Punkt im E×N-Raster), nicht ueber
                 Zeilen-Indizes — sonst entstehen Aliasing-Streifen weil
                 die Zeilenzahl in der Datei nicht zwingend ein ganzzahliges
                 Vielfaches der Reihenbreite ist.
    clip_bbox:   optionales (e_min, n_min, e_max, n_max) — Punkte ausserhalb
                 werden verworfen. Reduziert das Mesh auf das User-Gebiet
                 statt der ganzen 1km×1km Tile."""
    # Binaer + ASCII-decode mit errors='ignore' damit BOM/Sonderzeichen am
    # File-Start nicht crashen
    with open(path, "rb") as fb:
        raw = fb.read()
    text = raw.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
    lines = text.split("\n")
    # Header-Detection
    start_idx = 0
    if lines:
        first = lines[0].split()
        if len(first) < 3:
            start_idx = 1
        else:
            try: float(first[0])
            except Exception: start_idx = 1

    # --- 1. Pass: raw Step + Origin aus ersten ~200 Punkten erkennen
    sample = []
    for ln in lines[start_idx:start_idx + 500]:
        parts = ln.split()
        if len(parts) < 3: continue
        try:
            e = float(parts[0]); n = float(parts[1])
        except Exception: continue
        sample.append((e, n))
        if len(sample) >= 200: break
    if len(sample) < 4:
        if progress: progress("XYZ leer / nicht parsebar")
        return None
    # Smallest non-zero E-diff = raw_e_step
    e_diffs = sorted({round(abs(sample[i+1][0] - sample[i][0]), 3)
                       for i in range(len(sample) - 1)
                       if abs(sample[i+1][0] - sample[i][0]) > 0.001})
    raw_e_step = e_diffs[0] if e_diffs else 0.5
    n_diffs = sorted({round(abs(sample[i+1][1] - sample[i][1]), 3)
                       for i in range(len(sample) - 1)
                       if abs(sample[i+1][1] - sample[i][1]) > 0.001})
    raw_n_step = n_diffs[0] if n_diffs else 0.5
    origin_e = min(p[0] for p in sample)
    origin_n = min(p[1] for p in sample)
    # Sub-Sampling-Faktoren — nur ganzzahlig damit das Raster regulaer bleibt
    factor_e = max(1, int(round(target_step / raw_e_step)))
    factor_n = max(1, int(round(target_step / raw_n_step)))
    actual_step_e = raw_e_step * factor_e
    actual_step_n = raw_n_step * factor_n
    if progress:
        progress("XYZ raw {:.2f}m → target {:.2f}m → sub-sample {}x{} ({:.2f}m actual)".format(
            raw_e_step, target_step, factor_e, factor_n, actual_step_e))

    # --- 2. Pass: alle Punkte auf dem Sub-Raster behalten (+ optional clip)
    points = {}
    es = set(); ns = set()
    cb = clip_bbox
    for ln in lines[start_idx:]:
        parts = ln.split()
        if len(parts) < 3: continue
        try:
            e = float(parts[0]); n = float(parts[1]); z = float(parts[2])
        except Exception: continue
        if cb is not None:
            if e < cb[0] or e > cb[2] or n < cb[1] or n > cb[3]: continue
        # Raster-Pruefung: nur jeden factor_e-ten E-Schritt + factor_n-ten N-Schritt
        di = int(round((e - origin_e) / raw_e_step))
        dj = int(round((n - origin_n) / raw_n_step))
        if di % factor_e != 0 or dj % factor_n != 0: continue
        # Auf snapped Koords runden um Float-Drift zu vermeiden
        e_snap = origin_e + di * raw_e_step
        n_snap = origin_n + dj * raw_n_step
        points[(e_snap, n_snap)] = z
        es.add(e_snap); ns.add(n_snap)

    if not points:
        if progress: progress("Keine Punkte im Clipping-Gebiet / nach Sub-Sample")
        return None
    es_sorted = sorted(es); ns_sorted = sorted(ns)
    if progress: progress("XYZ → {} Vertices ({}×{} Raster)".format(
        len(points), len(es_sorted), len(ns_sorted)))
    return {
        "bbox":   (es_sorted[0], ns_sorted[0], es_sorted[-1], ns_sorted[-1]),
        "step":   (actual_step_e, actual_step_n),
        "es":     es_sorted,
        "ns":     ns_sorted,
        "points": points,
    }


def merge_grids(grids):
    """Vereint mehrere Grid-Dicts (eines pro XYZ-Tile) zu einem zusammen-
    haengenden Grid. swissALTI3D-Tiles liefern jeweils 1km×1km Punkte —
    benachbarte Tiles teilen KEINE Rand-Punkte (Tile A endet z.B. bei
    e=2700999.5, Tile B startet bei e=2701000.0). Beim getrennten Meshen
    entsteht dadurch ein 1m-Streifen ohne Faces. Hier mergen wir die
    Punkte VORHER zu einem unified Grid, dann verbindet mesh_from_grid
    die Tile-Grenze automatisch (benachbarte Spalten = ein step Abstand
    nach Sub-Sampling).

    Annahme: alle Grids teilen sich denselben step (gleicher target_step
    + Quell-Resolution). Origin-Alignment ist gegeben, weil swissALTI3D
    auf einem globalen 0.5m-Raster liegt."""
    if not grids: return None
    grids = [g for g in grids if g is not None]
    if not grids: return None
    if len(grids) == 1: return grids[0]
    step = grids[0]["step"]
    all_points = {}
    all_es = set(); all_ns = set()
    for g in grids:
        for (e, n), z in g["points"].items():
            all_points[(e, n)] = z
            all_es.add(e); all_ns.add(n)
    if not all_points: return None
    es_sorted = sorted(all_es); ns_sorted = sorted(all_ns)
    return {
        "bbox":   (es_sorted[0], ns_sorted[0], es_sorted[-1], ns_sorted[-1]),
        "step":   step,
        "es":     es_sorted,
        "ns":     ns_sorted,
        "points": all_points,
    }


def mesh_from_grid(grid, origin_shift=(0, 0, 0), unit_scale=1.0):
    """Baut ein Rhino-Mesh aus dem XYZ-Grid. origin_shift wird auf jeden
    Vertex angewendet (typisch: bbox-Center zu Welt-0/0/0 schieben).
    unit_scale: Skalierung von Meter (Quelle XYZ) auf Doc-Units. Bei
    mm-Doc = 1000, bei m-Doc = 1.0 ."""
    es = grid["es"]; ns = grid["ns"]
    pts = grid["points"]
    sx, sy, sz = origin_shift
    mesh = rg.Mesh()
    idx_for = {}
    for j, ny in enumerate(ns):
        for i, ex in enumerate(es):
            z = pts.get((ex, ny))
            if z is None: continue
            v_idx = mesh.Vertices.Add(
                (ex - sx) * unit_scale,
                (ny - sy) * unit_scale,
                (z - sz) * unit_scale)
            idx_for[(i, j)] = v_idx
    # Quads
    for j in range(len(ns) - 1):
        for i in range(len(es) - 1):
            a = idx_for.get((i,   j))
            b = idx_for.get((i+1, j))
            c = idx_for.get((i+1, j+1))
            d = idx_for.get((i,   j+1))
            if a is None or b is None or c is None or d is None: continue
            mesh.Faces.AddFace(a, b, c, d)
    mesh.Normals.ComputeNormals()
    mesh.Compact()
    return mesh


# --- Orthofoto: SWISSIMAGE 10cm via GeoTIFF --------------------------------

def fetch_orthophoto(bbox_lv95, resolution="2.0", progress=None):
    """Holt SWISSIMAGE-10cm-Tiles fuer LV95-bbox. resolution: '0.1' (10 cm,
    sehr gross!), '0.5' (50 cm), '2.0' (2 m, Default — Material-Texture
    braucht keine 10cm)."""
    bbox_wgs = lv95_bbox_to_wgs84_bbox(*bbox_lv95)
    if progress: progress("STAC-Query SWISSIMAGE...")
    items = stac_query("ch.swisstopo.swissimage-dop10",
                       bbox_wgs, asset_extensions=[".tif"])
    items = _dedupe_latest(items)
    if not items:
        if progress: progress("Kein Luftbild in der Region gefunden")
        return []
    target_tag = "_{}_".format(resolution)
    paths = []
    for i, item in enumerate(items):
        if progress: progress("Lade Luftbild {}/{}: {}".format(
            i+1, len(items), item["id"]))
        chosen_href = None
        for k, a in item["assets"].items():
            if target_tag in a["href"]:
                chosen_href = a["href"]; break
        if chosen_href is None:
            chosen_href = next(iter(item["assets"].values()))["href"]
        p = download_asset(chosen_href, subdir="swissimage_tif", status=progress)
        if p: paths.append(p)
    if progress: progress("{} Luftbild-Tile(s) bereit".format(len(paths)))
    return paths


def _geotiff_to_png(tif_path, max_dim=2048):
    """SWISSIMAGE kommt als GeoTIFF — Rhinos Material-Bitmap kann GeoTIFF nicht
    direkt lesen. Konvertiere zu PNG. Zwei Wege:
    1) Pillow (wenn in Rhinos CPython verfuegbar) — universell + downsample
    2) Eto.Drawing.Bitmap (Mac: NSImage liest TIFF nativ) — Fallback
    Liefert PNG-Pfad oder None bei Fehler."""
    if not tif_path: return None
    base, _ = os.path.splitext(tif_path)
    png_path = base + "_2k.png"
    if os.path.isfile(png_path) and os.path.getsize(png_path) > 0:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] PNG-Cache:", os.path.basename(png_path))
        return png_path
    # --- Variante 1: Pillow
    try:
        from PIL import Image
        img = Image.open(tif_path)
        if max(img.width, img.height) > max_dim:
            scale = max_dim / float(max(img.width, img.height))
            new_w = max(1, int(img.width * scale))
            new_h = max(1, int(img.height * scale))
            img = img.resize((new_w, new_h), Image.LANCZOS)
        if img.mode not in ("RGB", "RGBA"):
            img = img.convert("RGB")
        img.save(png_path, "PNG", optimize=False)
        print("[SWISSTOPO] Pillow: {} → {} ({}x{}px)".format(
            os.path.basename(tif_path), os.path.basename(png_path),
            img.width, img.height))
        return png_path
    except ImportError:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] Pillow nicht verfuegbar — versuche Eto.Drawing")
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] Pillow-convert fail:", ex)
    # --- Variante 2: Eto.Drawing (Mac NSImage liest TIFF)
    try:
        import Eto.Drawing as _ed
        bmp_src = _ed.Bitmap(tif_path)
        if bmp_src is None:
            print("[SWISSTOPO] Eto konnte TIFF nicht laden")
            return None
        # Downsample falls > max_dim
        w, h = bmp_src.Width, bmp_src.Height
        if max(w, h) > max_dim:
            scale = max_dim / float(max(w, h))
            new_w = max(1, int(w * scale))
            new_h = max(1, int(h * scale))
            target = _ed.Bitmap(new_w, new_h, _ed.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgba)
            g = _ed.Graphics(target)
            try:
                try: g.AntiAlias = True
                except Exception: pass
                g.DrawImage(bmp_src, 0, 0, new_w, new_h)
            finally: g.Dispose()
            bmp_src = target
            w, h = new_w, new_h
        try: bmp_src.Save(png_path, _ed.ImageFormat.Png)
        except Exception:
            # Eto.ImageFormat-Variante kann je nach Eto-Version variieren
            bmp_src.Save(png_path)
        print("[SWISSTOPO] Eto: {} → {} ({}x{}px)".format(
            os.path.basename(tif_path), os.path.basename(png_path), w, h))
        return png_path
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] Eto-convert fail:", ex)
        return None


def add_ortho_plane(doc, ortho_path, tile_bbox_lv95, shift_lv95, m_to_unit,
                      z_doc=0.0):
    """Erzeugt eine planare Brep-Flaeche mit dem SWISSIMAGE-Foto als Material,
    direkt sichtbar in Top/Shaded/Rendered Display-Mode.

    tile_bbox_lv95: (e_min, n_min, e_max, n_max) in LV95-Metern der Tile-Region
    shift_lv95:     (sx, sy, sz) — Origin-Shift in LV95-Metern (typisch eC,nC)
    m_to_unit:      Skalierung m → doc-units (z.B. 0.001 fuer km-Doc)
    z_doc:          Z-Hoehe der Plane in Doc-Units (typisch max-Terrain-Z + Epsilon)

    Liefert den RhinoObject der erzeugten Plane (oder None)."""
    if not (ortho_path and os.path.isfile(ortho_path)): return None
    # GeoTIFF → PNG damit Rhino's Material-Bitmap es als Diffuse nehmen kann
    if ortho_path.lower().endswith((".tif", ".tiff")):
        png = _geotiff_to_png(ortho_path)
        if not png: return None
        ortho_path = png
    # bbox in Doc-Units (nach Shift + Scale)
    e_min, n_min, e_max, n_max = tile_bbox_lv95
    sx, sy, sz = shift_lv95
    x_min = (e_min - sx) * m_to_unit
    x_max = (e_max - sx) * m_to_unit
    y_min = (n_min - sy) * m_to_unit
    y_max = (n_max - sy) * m_to_unit
    # Mesh-Quad mit expliziten Per-Vertex-UV-Koordinaten — bombensicher
    # fuer Cycles/Raytraced. Eine Brep-Plane braucht erst Render-Mesh-
    # Erzeugung + TextureMapping, was diverse Fallstricke hat.
    mesh = rg.Mesh()
    mesh.Vertices.Add(x_min, y_min, z_doc)  # 0  → UV (0,0)
    mesh.Vertices.Add(x_max, y_min, z_doc)  # 1  → UV (1,0)
    mesh.Vertices.Add(x_max, y_max, z_doc)  # 2  → UV (1,1)
    mesh.Vertices.Add(x_min, y_max, z_doc)  # 3  → UV (0,1)
    mesh.Faces.AddFace(0, 1, 2, 3)
    mesh.TextureCoordinates.Add(0.0, 0.0)
    mesh.TextureCoordinates.Add(1.0, 0.0)
    mesh.TextureCoordinates.Add(1.0, 1.0)
    mesh.TextureCoordinates.Add(0.0, 1.0)
    mesh.Normals.ComputeNormals()
    mesh.Compact()
    gid = doc.Objects.AddMesh(mesh)
    obj = doc.Objects.Find(gid)
    if obj is None: return None
    # Material: Legacy + ToPhysicallyBased + PBR_BaseColor-Texture.
    # Bekannt instabil unter Mac Rhino 8 für Raytraced (Cycles greift den
    # Shim nicht zuverlaessig); zumindest Shaded zeigt die Textur.
    try:
        mat = Rhino.DocObjects.Material()
        mat.Name = "swisstopo_ortho"
        mat.SetBitmapTexture(ortho_path)
        mat.ToPhysicallyBased()
        tex = Rhino.DocObjects.Texture()
        tex.FileName = ortho_path
        tex.Enabled = True
        mat.SetTexture(tex, Rhino.DocObjects.TextureType.PBR_BaseColor)
        midx = doc.Materials.Add(mat)
        attrs = obj.Attributes.Duplicate()
        attrs.MaterialSource = Rhino.DocObjects.ObjectMaterialSource.MaterialFromObject
        attrs.MaterialIndex = midx
        doc.Objects.ModifyAttributes(obj, attrs, True)
    except Exception as ex:
        print("[SWISSTOPO] ortho-material:", ex)
    return obj